Neurology Reflex Tests Quiz

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Questions and Answers

During the Biceps Reflex test, where should the tester place their thumb?

  • On the ball of the foot
  • On the triceps tendon
  • On the olecranon of the ulna
  • On the biceps tendon (correct)

The Triceps Reflex test involves striking the tendon just below the olecranon of the ulna.

False (B)

What is the purpose of running a blunt pencil or mallet handle along the sole of the foot in the Plantar Flexion Reflex test?

To observe the movement of the toes

In the Salivary Reflex Demonstration, the subject should rinse their mouth with water before placing a cotton swab dipped in ______ under their tongue.

<p>glucose solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the reflex tests with the corresponding muscle groups involved:

<p>Biceps Reflex = Biceps muscle Triceps Reflex = Triceps muscle Plantar Flexion Reflex = Muscles of the foot Salivary Reflex = Salivary glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the saliva production experiment, the subject should rinse their mouth with water before collecting saliva from the swab dipped in ______.

<p>glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the pupillary light reflex experiment, the subject's pupils should constrict when a penlight is flashed into their eye.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following procedures with their primary purpose:

<p>Procedure 7: Pupillary Light Reflex = Investigate the autonomic nervous system's response to light Procedure 8: Diving Reflex Demonstration = Observe heart rate changes in response to submerging the face in cold water Saliva Production Experiment = Measure the volume of saliva produced in response to different stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neuron is found in the retina of the eye?

<p>Bipolar neuron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Schwann cells produce myelin in the central nervous system (CNS).

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the dura mater?

<p>The dura mater is the outermost layer of the meninges and its function is to protect the spinal cord.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

<p>subarachnoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following structures of the spinal cord with their corresponding functions.

<p>Gray matter anterior horn = Contains cell bodies of motor neurons that signal skeletal muscles for voluntary movement. Posterior horn = Contains sensory neurons that receive input from sensory receptors. White matter = Contains myelinated axons and is responsible for transmitting signals up and down the spine. Spinal nerves = Transmit sensory and motor information between the spinal cord and the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neuron conducts impulses from sensory receptors to the central nervous system?

<p>Sensory neuron (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dendrites are responsible for transmitting signals away from the cell body.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

<p>The myelin sheath insulates the axon, speeding up the transmission of electric signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The space between neurons where neurotransmitters are released is called the ______.

<p>synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following neuron structures with their corresponding functions:

<p>Dendrites = Receive signals from other neurons Cell body = Integrates information and controls neuron activities Axon = Transmits signals away from the cell body Synaptic terminals = Release neurotransmitters to communicate with other neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Sensory Neurons

Neurons that transmit impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS.

Interneuron

Neurons that integrate information between sensory and motor neurons.

Motor Neurons

Neurons that carry impulses from the CNS to effectors like muscles or glands.

Myelin Sheath

Fatty insulating layer around the axon that speeds up signal transmission.

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Nodes of Ranvier

Gaps in the myelin sheath that allow signals to jump for faster transmission.

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Multipolar Neurons

Neurons with several dendrites and one axon, predominant in the CNS.

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Astrocytes

CNS glial cells that support neurons and maintain chemical balance.

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Dura Mater

Outermost protective layer of the meninges, tough and made of dense tissue.

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Gray Matter

Part of the spinal cord containing cell bodies of neurons and unmyelinated axons.

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Ependymal Cells

Ciliated cells in the CNS that help produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

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Biceps Reflex

A reflex procedure involving striking the biceps tendon to observe muscle response.

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Triceps Reflex

A reflex test that assesses the response of the triceps tendon by striking above the elbow.

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Plantar Flexion Reflex

A test that involves stroking the sole of the foot to observe toe movement.

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Salivary Reflex

A procedure measuring saliva volume produced after stimulating the tongue with water and glucose.

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Recording Results

Documenting the outcomes of reflex tests in a structured table format for analysis.

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Saliva Production Measurement

Procedure to collect and measure saliva volume in a graduated cylinder.

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Pupillary Light Reflex

Test to observe changes in pupil size when exposed to light.

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Diving Reflex Demonstration

Test observing heart rate changes when the face is submerged in cold water.

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Pulse Oximeter Use

Device used to measure the subject's resting pulse and oxygen levels.

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Experiment Repeatability

The process of changing partners and repeating experiments to verify results.

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Study Notes

Nervous System I: Nervous Tissue and the Spinal Cord

  • The nervous system regulates all body processes, from receiving sensory information to initiating reactive measures, for maintaining homeostasis.
  • The central nervous system (CNS) comprises the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes cranial and spinal nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptors.
  • Neurons are the functional units of the nervous system, highly specialized for impulse conduction.
  • Three types of neurons exist:
    • Sensory (afferent) neurons transmit impulses from receptors to the CNS.
    • Interneurons (association neurons) integrate information from sensory neurons and send it to motor neurons.
    • Motor (efferent) neurons transmit impulses from the CNS to effectors (e.g., muscles).
  • Neuroglia support neurons, form myelin sheaths, and maintain the chemical environment of the CNS.
    • Six types of neuroglia are discussed: oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, Schwann cells, and satellite cells.
  • The spinal cord is protected by the spinal meninges—specifically dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.
  • The spinal meninges surround the spinal cord and are continuous with the cranial meninges that enclose the brain. A subdural space exists between the dura mater and arachnoid mater, while a subarachnoid space is between the arachnoid and pia mater, spaces containing interstitial fluid and cerebrospinal fluid respectively.
  • The spinal cord contains gray matter (cell bodies and axons of interneurons) and white matter (bundles of axons).
  • Spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord, with anterior and posterior roots. Posterior roots carry sensory information, and anterior roots carry motor information.
  • Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli.
  • Five basic components of a reflex arc include a sensory receptor, a sensory neuron, an integrating center, a motor neuron, and an effector.

Reflex Arc

  • Reflex arcs involve a simple neural pathway that generates a rapid response to potentially dangerous stimuli.
  • Five essential components of a reflex arc include:
    • Receptor: detects the stimulus
    • Sensory neuron: carries the sensory signal to the CNS
    • Integrating center: processes the incoming information
    • Motor neuron: carries the motor signal away from the CNS
    • Effector: receives the motor signal and produces the response (e.g., a muscle contracting)

Types of Reflexes

  • Somatic reflexes involve skeletal muscle contractions, including the stretch reflex, withdrawal reflex, and tendon reflex.
  • Autonomic reflexes regulate body functions, like blood pressure, heart rate, digestion, and elimination. Examples include the salivary, pupillary, and diving reflexes.

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Lab 11 Nervous System I: Nervous Tissue and the Spinal Cord PDF

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