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anlke examination 90 - tests 190 - reflex \ palapation 410
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anlke examination 90 - tests 190 - reflex \ palapation 410

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Questions and Answers

Which one of these is a possible indication of hallux rigidus?

  • Absence of forefoot creases
  • Oblique forefoot creases in the shoe (correct)
  • Active movements
  • Toe-off action during gait

    • Which one of these is true about active movements during the examination?

  • They should be done in both weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing positions (correct)
  • They should be done only in weight-bearing positions
  • They should not be done during the examination
  • They should be done only in non-weight-bearing positions

    • What is the normal range of ankle dorsiflexion?

  • 20° to 25° (correct)
  • 20° past the anatomical position
  • 10° past the anatomical position
  • 25° to 30°

    • What is the primary movement that enables the foot to adapt to uneven ground and aid in shock absorption?

    <p>Pronation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of movement combines the movements of eversion, abduction, and dorsiflexion of the foot and ankle?

    <p>Pronation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of supination?

    <p>45° to 60°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary muscle responsible for inversion strength?

    <p>Tibialis posterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint primarily allows extension of the great toe?

    <p>Metatarsophalangeal joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which joint does 45° flexion occur for the great toe?

    <p>Metatarsophalangeal joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joints allow extension of the lateral four toes?

    <p>Metatarsophalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of flexion at the metatarsophalangeal joints for the lateral four toes?

    <p>40°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which toe is used as the midline for measuring abduction and adduction of the toes?

    <p>Second toe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the great toe during gait?

    <p>Push off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may cause altered movement patterns controlled by certain muscles in the lower leg and foot?

    <p>Peripheral nerve injuries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the shoe usually shows the greatest wear with a normal foot?

    <p>Beneath the arch of the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if shoes are too small or too narrow?

    <p>They can limit proper movement of the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if shoes are worn out?

    <p>They can offer little support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if shoes are stiff?

    <p>They can limit proper movement of the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do high-heeled shoes often cause painful knees?

    <p>The patient wearing these shoes usually walks with the knees flexed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can continuous wearing of high-heeled shoes lead to?

    <p>Sore knees and a painful back</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can excessive bulging on the medial side of the shoe suggest?

    <p>A valgus or everted foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for limiting ankle range of motion with the knee extended?

    <p>Gastrocnemius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for limiting ankle range of motion with the knee flexed?

    <p>Soleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may increased ankle dorsiflexion compared to the other side indicate?

    <p>A torn Achilles tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for limiting pronation of the foot?

    <p>Tibialis posterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint shows more limitation of varus range than of valgus range of motion?

    <p>Subtalar joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint has the most limited dorsiflexion range of motion in its capsular pattern?

    <p>Midtarsal joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint has extension as the most limited range of motion in its capsular pattern?

    <p>Metatarsophalangeal joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Foot Posture Index (FPI-6) used for?

    <p>To rate foot posture and quantify supination or pronation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What position is the patient in during resisted isometric movements testing?

    <p>Sitting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint has the most limited range of extension in its capsular pattern?

    <p>Midtarsal joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of dorsiflexion at the ankle?

    <p>20°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of supination at the foot?

    <p>45° to 60°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary muscle responsible for inversion strength?

    <p>Tibialis posterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can continuous wearing of high-heeled shoes lead to?

    <p>Decreased ankle dorsiflexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may increased ankle dorsiflexion compared to the other side indicate?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary movement that enables the foot to adapt to uneven ground and aid in shock absorption?

    <p>Pronation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the shoe usually shows the greatest wear with a normal foot?

    <p>The lateral side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can continuous wearing of high-heeled shoes lead to?

    <p>Sore knees and a painful back</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if shoes are worn out?

    <p>They offer little support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if shoes are stiff?

    <p>They limit proper movement of the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do high-heeled shoes often cause painful knees?

    <p>They increase stress on the patella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can excessive bulging on the medial side of the shoe suggest?

    <p>A valgus or everted foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of flexion at the metatarsophalangeal joints for the lateral four toes?

    <p>0-40 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is primarily responsible for limiting ankle range of motion with the knee extended?

    <p>Gastrocnemius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary movement that enables the foot to adapt to uneven ground and aid in shock absorption?

    <p>Pronation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint has the most limited dorsiflexion range of motion in its capsular pattern?

    <p>Talocrural joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of ankle dorsiflexion?

    <p>20-30 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can excessive bulging on the medial side of the shoe suggest?

    <p>Pronation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Foot Posture Index (FPI-6) used for?

    <p>To rate foot posture and quantify supination or pronation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can increased ankle dorsiflexion compared to the other side indicate?

    <p>A torn Achilles tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint has extension as the most limited range of motion in its capsular pattern?

    <p>First metatarsophalangeal joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is primarily responsible for inversion strength?

    <p>Tibialis posterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint allows the most limited range of motion for extension in its capsular pattern?

    <p>Interphalangeal joint of the great toe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of flexion at the metatarsophalangeal joints for the lateral four toes?

    <p>40°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is primarily responsible for inversion strength?

    <p>Tibialis anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is true about active movements during the examination?

    <p>Active movements should be compared to those of the unaffected side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of ankle dorsiflexion?

    <p>20°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can excessive bulging on the medial side of the shoe suggest?

    <p>Hallux valgus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which toe is used as the midline for measuring abduction and adduction of the toes?

    <p>Second toe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for limiting ankle range of motion with the knee extended?

    <p>Tibialis posterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of flexion at the metatarsophalangeal joints for the lateral four toes?

    <p>20°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joints allow extension of the lateral four toes?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint has extension as the most limited range of motion in its capsular pattern?

    <p>Metatarsophalangeal joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of supination at the foot?

    <p>45° to 60°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if shoes are stiff?

    <p>Decreased ankle range of motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the shoe usually shows the greatest wear with a normal foot?

    <p>Heel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint allows for the most extension of the great toe?

    <p>Metatarsophalangeal joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of flexion at the metatarsophalangeal joint for the great toe?

    <p>45°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of flexion at the interphalangeal joint for the great toe?

    <p>90°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint primarily allows for extension of the lateral four toes?

    <p>Metatarsophalangeal joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of flexion at the metatarsophalangeal joint for the lateral four toes?

    <p>40°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of flexion at the proximal interphalangeal joint for the lateral four toes?

    <p>35°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of flexion at the distal interphalangeal joint for the lateral four toes?

    <p>60°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the shoe typically shows the greatest wear for a normal foot?

    <p>Beneath the ball of the foot and slightly to the lateral side and the posterolateral aspect of the heel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can shoes that are too small or too narrow potentially cause?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do high-heeled shoes often cause painful knees?

    <p>They increase the stress on the patella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can continuous wearing of high-heeled shoes lead to?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can shoes with a negative heel potentially cause?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do high-cut or high-top shoes offer more support to compared to low-cut shoes?

    <p>Ankle joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can excessive bulging on the lateral side of the shoe suggest?

    <p>Inverted foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is primarily responsible for limiting ankle range of motion with the knee extended?

    <p>Gastrocnemius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can increased ankle dorsiflexion compared to the other side indicate?

    <p>A torn Achilles tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is primarily responsible for limiting ankle range of motion with the knee flexed?

    <p>Soleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint shows more limitation of varus range than of valgus range of motion?

    <p>Subtalar joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of flexion at the metatarsophalangeal joints for the lateral four toes?

    <p>Variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary movement that enables the foot to adapt to uneven ground and aid in shock absorption?

    <p>Pronation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of ankle dorsiflexion?

    <p>Depends on age and sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which toe is used as the midline for measuring abduction and adduction of the toes?

    <p>Second toe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary muscle responsible for inversion strength?

    <p>Tibialis posterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is primarily tested in the Anterior Drawer Test of the Ankle?

    <p>Anterior talofibular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive Anterior Drawer Test indicate?

    <p>Medial and lateral ligament insufficiencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Cotton Test?

    <p>To assess for syndesmosis instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive Crossed Leg Test indicate?

    <p>Syndesmotic instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Dorsiflexion Compression Test assess for?

    <p>Ligamentous instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is primarily tested in the Cotton Test?

    <p>Anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to differentiate a hindfoot varus resulting from a forefoot valgus from a hindfoot varus resulting from a tight tibialis posterior?

    <p>Coleman Block Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Forefoot-Heel Alignment test, if the medial side of the foot is raised, what does it indicate?

    <p>Forefoot varus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Leg-Heel Alignment test, if the heel is inverted, what does it indicate?

    <p>Hindfoot varus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of lateral tibial torsion in adults?

    <p>13° to 18°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Tibial Torsion (Prone) test, the angle formed by the foot and thigh is used to measure tibial torsion.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'Too Many Toes' Sign indicate?

    <p>Heel valgus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint position is best for determining the relation of the hindfoot to the leg?

    <p>Neutral position of the talus in prone, non-weight-bearing position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint position is best for determining the relation of the forefoot to the hindfoot?

    <p>Neutral position of the talus in supine, non-weight-bearing position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint position is best for determining the relation of the hindfoot to the forefoot?

    <p>Neutral position of the talus in weight-bearing position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint position is best for determining midfoot mobility and its effect on other parts of the kinetic chain?

    <p>Neutral position of the talus in sitting, non-weight-bearing position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the height of the navicular in the neutral talus position and the height of the navicular in normal relaxed standing called?

    <p>Navicular drop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measurement is considered abnormal in the navicular drop test?

    <p>Greater than 10 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess syndesmosis problems by applying passive dorsiflexion to the foot?

    <p>Dorsiflexion Maneuver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is positive for a syndesmosis injury if pain is produced over the anterior or posterior tibiofibular ligaments and the interosseous membrane?

    <p>External (Lateral) Rotation Stress Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is considered positive for a syndesmosis injury if pain occurs during the translation or if the movement is greater on the affected side?

    <p>Fibular Translation Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess syndesmosis problems by applying a firm thump on the heel and checking for pain in the area of the ankle?

    <p>Heel Thump Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is positive for a potential ankle sprain if the patient loses balance, the legs touch each other, the contralateral leg touches down, or the arms move from their start position?

    <p>Single Leg Balance Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess syndesmosis problems by applying gradual pressure over the anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament and checking for pain in the syndesmosis area?

    <p>Point (Palpation) Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which position is commonly referred to as the neutral or balanced position of the foot?

    <p>Slight valgus with the forefoot in slight varus and the calcaneus in slight valgus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tests should be carried out when assessing the lower leg, ankle, and foot?

    <p>Alignment, functional leg length, and tibial torsion tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended use of special tests in assessing the lower leg, ankle, and foot?

    <p>Special tests should never be used in isolation but can be used to confirm clinical findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current recommendation regarding the use of functional movement screens to assess ankle and foot injuries?

    <p>Functional movement screens have not been recommended due to low predictive value and injury risk miscalculation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been shown to prevent or reduce injuries in the lower leg, ankle, and foot?

    <p>Programs such as the FIFA 11+ Injury Prevention Program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can the reliability, validity, specificity, sensitivity, and odds ratios of special tests used in the lower leg, ankle, and foot be found?

    <p>eAppendix 13.1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess syndesmosis problems by applying gradual pressure over the anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament and checking for pain in the syndesmosis area?

    <p>Point (Palpation) Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is positive for a syndesmosis injury if pain is produced over the anterior or posterior tibiofibular ligaments and the interosseous membrane?

    <p>External (Lateral) Rotation Stress Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to differentiate a hindfoot varus resulting from a forefoot valgus from a hindfoot varus resulting from a tight tibialis posterior?

    <p>Prone Anterior Drawer Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary movement that enables the foot to adapt to uneven ground and aid in shock absorption?

    <p>Inversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can continuous wearing of high-heeled shoes lead to?

    <p>Decreased calf muscle strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can shoes that are too small or too narrow potentially cause?

    <p>Bunions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can excessive bulging on the lateral side of the shoe suggest?

    <p>Excessive supination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measurement is considered abnormal in the navicular drop test?

    <p>Greater than 3 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint position is best for determining the relation of the hindfoot to the forefoot?

    <p>Dorsiflexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary muscle responsible for inversion strength?

    <p>Peroneus longus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is most frequently injured in the ankle?

    <p>Anterior talofibular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the position of the foot during the anterior drawer test?

    <p>20° of plantar flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive anterior drawer test indicate?

    <p>Injury to the anterior talofibular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive Cotton test indicate?

    <p>Syndesmotic instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive Crossed Leg test indicate?

    <p>Distal syndesmosis injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive Dorsiflexion Compression test indicate?

    <p>Painful ankle dorsiflexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint position is best for determining the relation of the hindfoot to the leg?

    <p>Neutral position of the talus (prone)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the height of the navicular in the neutral talus position and the height of the navicular in normal relaxed standing called?

    <p>Navicular drop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of navicular drop considered abnormal?

    <p>Less than 10 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to measure the change in navicular height in sitting and standing positions?

    <p>Sit-to-stand test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary movement that enables the foot to adapt to uneven ground and aid in shock absorption?

    <p>Pronation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joints allow extension of the lateral four toes?

    <p>Metatarsophalangeal joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess hindfoot varus resulting from a tight tibialis posterior?

    <p>Coleman Block Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of lateral tibial torsion in adults?

    <p>13° to 18°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to measure tibial torsion by having the patient sit with the knees flexed to 90° over the edge of the examining table?

    <p>Tibial Torsion (Sitting)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of flexion at the metatarsophalangeal joint for the great toe?

    <p>10° to 15°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can excessive bulging on the medial side of the shoe suggest?

    <p>Forefoot valgus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can shoes that are too small or too narrow potentially cause?

    <p>Forefoot varus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is positive for a syndesmosis injury if pain is produced over the anterior or posterior tibiofibular ligaments and the interosseous membrane?

    <p>External (Lateral) Rotation Stress Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Cotton Test?

    <p>To evaluate for a syndesmosis injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of dorsiflexion at the ankle?

    <p>20-30 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can excessive bulging on the medial side of the shoe suggest?

    <p>Hallux valgus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for limiting ankle range of motion with the knee flexed?

    <p>Gastrocnemius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of flexion at the metatarsophalangeal joints for the lateral four toes?

    <p>20-30 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about assessing the lower leg, ankle, and foot is true?

    <p>Alignment, functional leg length, and tibial torsion tests should be carried out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the neutral position of the talus?

    <p>The subtalar joint is normally in slight varus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT recommended when assessing the risk of ankle and foot injuries?

    <p>Functional movement screens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which program has been shown to prevent or reduce ankle and foot injuries?

    <p>FIFA 11+ Injury Prevention Program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint position is best for determining midfoot mobility and its effect on other parts of the kinetic chain?

    <p>Neutral position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tests should be performed as confirming tests, according to the text?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint position is best for determining the relation of the hindfoot to the leg?

    <p>Neutral position of the talus (prone)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the navicular drop test?

    <p>To measure midfoot mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered abnormal in the navicular drop test?

    <p>Any measurement greater than 10 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to measure the change in navicular height from sitting to standing?

    <p>Sit-to-stand test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint allows the most limited dorsiflexion range of motion in its capsular pattern?

    <p>Subtalar joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can the examiner determine if the asymmetry disappears when the talus is in the neutral position?

    <p>There is only functional asymmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to differentiate a hindfoot varus resulting from a forefoot valgus from a hindfoot varus resulting from a tight tibialis posterior?

    <p>Coleman Block Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which position is best for determining midfoot mobility and its effect on other parts of the kinetic chain?

    <p>Standing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of lateral tibial torsion in adults?

    <p>13° to 18°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to measure tibial torsion in children?

    <p>Tibial Torsion (Prone)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can excessive bulging on the lateral side of the shoe suggest?

    <p>Forefoot valgus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess the relation of the hindfoot to the forefoot?

    <p>Forefoot-Heel Alignment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint position is commonly found in people in normal weight bearing?

    <p>Compensated position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of assessing the neutral position of the talus?

    <p>To differentiate functional from structural deformities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of special tests should be used as confirming tests?

    <p>Only tests that the examiner wishes to use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended use of functional movement screens for assessing ankle and foot injuries?

    <p>Not recommended due to low predictive value and injury risk miscalculation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which program has been shown to prevent or reduce injuries in the lower leg, ankle, and foot?

    <p>The FIFA 11+ Injury Prevention Program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can the reliability, validity, specificity, sensitivity, and odds ratios of special tests used in the lower leg, ankle, and foot be found?

    <p>In the eAppendix 13.1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess syndesmosis problems by applying a passive lateral rotation stress to the foot and ankle?

    <p>External (Lateral) Rotation Stress Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess syndesmosis problems by holding on to the heel and using the forearm to dorsiflex the foot?

    <p>Dorsiflexion Maneuver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess syndesmosis problems by translating the fibular malleolus anteriorly and posteriorly?

    <p>Fibular Translation Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess syndesmosis problems by applying a firm thump on the heel with the fist?

    <p>Heel Thump Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess ligamentous instability, primarily the anterior talofibular ligament, by pushing the heel steadily forward?

    <p>Prone Anterior Drawer Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess potential ankle sprain by asking the patient to stand on one foot without shoes and close their eyes for 10 seconds?

    <p>Single Leg Balance Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is most frequently injured in the ankle?

    <p>Anterior talofibular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive anterior drawer test indicate?

    <p>Injury to the anterior talofibular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the "too many toes" sign indicate?

    <p>Forefoot adducted on the rearfoot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary movement that enables the foot to adapt to uneven ground and aid in shock absorption?

    <p>Pronation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive Cotton test indicate?

    <p>Syndesmotic instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of lateral tibial torsion in adults?

    <p>15-25 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess the arterial blood supply to the lower limb?

    <p>Buerger's Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive Shin Oedema Test indicate?

    <p>Pitting edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess for Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome?

    <p>Dorsiflexion-Eversion Test for Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive SPT indicate?

    <p>Diffuse pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test assesses the talar tilt on a radiograph?

    <p>Talar Tilt Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive Feiss Line measurement indicate?

    <p>First-degree flatfoot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is most commonly injured in anterior compartment syndrome in the leg?

    <p>Deep peroneal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is primarily motor and causes minimal sensory loss when injured?

    <p>Deep peroneal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reflex is commonly checked in the region of the lower leg, ankle, and foot?

    <p>Babinski reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot?

    <p>Deep peroneal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is most commonly injured in anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome?

    <p>Deep peroneal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is primarily responsible for limiting ankle range of motion with the knee extended?

    <p>Gastrocnemius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess potential ankle sprain by asking the patient to stand on one foot without shoes and close their eyes for 10 seconds?

    <p>Inversion stress test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does pain in the lower leg during the squeeze test indicate?

    <p>Syndesmosis injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is primarily tested during the talar tilt test?

    <p>Calcaneofibular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the inversion stress test primarily test?

    <p>Anterior talofibular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does eversion during the talar tilt test primarily stress?

    <p>Deltoid ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Brosky and associates call the squeeze test of the leg when they applied the compression over the malleoli instead of the shaft of the tibia and fibula?

    <p>Distal tibiofibular compression test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess for tarsal tunnel syndrome by applying even constant pressure over the posterior tibial nerve for 30 seconds?

    <p>Triple Compression Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess for plantar fasciitis by passively dorsiflexing the big toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint?

    <p>Windlass Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess for posterior tibiotalar subluxation by palpating the anterior portion of the talus and comparing the quality and degree of movement between feet?

    <p>Swing Test for Posterior Tibiotalar Subluxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess for peroneal tendon dislocation by asking the patient to actively dorsiflex and plantar flex the ankle along with eversion against the examiner's resistance?

    <p>Test for Peroneal Tendon Dislocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess for Achilles tendon rupture by squeezing the calf muscles and observing for the absence of plantar flexion?

    <p>Thompson's (Simmonds') Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess for synovial impingement by applying pressure in the lateral gutter while passively taking the foot into dorsiflexion?

    <p>Synovial Impingement Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Homans Sign test?

    <p>To test for deep vein thrombophlebitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Hoffa's Test?

    <p>To evaluate for a calcaneal fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Matles Test?

    <p>To test for a strain of the Achilles tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Morton's (Squeeze) Test?

    <p>To test for a stress fracture or neuroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Patla Tibialis Posterior Length Test?

    <p>To measure the length of the tibialis posterior muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Leg Length Discrepancy test?

    <p>To measure the difference in leg length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Swing Test for Posterior Tibiotalar Subluxation?

    <p>To assess for posterior tibiotalar subluxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess for hypertrophic synovium in the ankle joint?

    <p>Synovial Impingement Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive Test for Peroneal Tendon Dislocation indicate?

    <p>Peroneal tendon dislocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive Thompson's (Simmonds') Test indicate?

    <p>Achilles tendon rupture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive Tinel's Sign at the Ankle indicate?

    <p>Nerve impingement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive Windlass Test indicate?

    <p>Plantar fasciitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is most commonly injured in anterior compartment syndrome in the leg?

    <p>Deep peroneal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is primarily motor and causes minimal sensory loss when injured?

    <p>Deep peroneal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot?

    <p>Deep peroneal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is compressed in anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome?

    <p>Deep peroneal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is commonly tested for reflexes in the lower leg, ankle, and foot?

    <p>Tibial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for sensation between the first and second toes?

    <p>Superficial peroneal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess the arterial blood supply to the lower limb?

    <p>Buerger’s Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive Feiss Line test indicate?

    <p>First-degree flatfoot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess tarsal tunnel syndrome?

    <p>Dorsiflexion-Eversion Test for Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess hindfoot varus resulting from a tight tibialis posterior?

    <p>Feiss Line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess the range of ankle dorsiflexion?

    <p>Dorsiflexion-Eversion Test for Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess the presence of shin splints?

    <p>Shin Palpation Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess for syndesmosis injury by squeezing the lower leg and observing for pain?

    <p>Squeeze Test of the Leg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is primarily tested during the Talar Tilt Test?

    <p>Calcaneofibular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Distal Tibiofibular Compression Test?

    <p>To assess for syndesmosis injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is primarily tested during inversion in the Talar Tilt Test?

    <p>Calcaneofibular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is primarily tested during eversion in the Talar Tilt Test?

    <p>Deltoid ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does pain in the lower leg during the Squeeze Test indicate?

    <p>Syndesmosis injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What test is used to assess for a calcaneal fracture by palpating the Achilles tendon while the patient plantar flexes and dorsiflexes the foot?

    <p>Hoffa's Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What test is positive for deep vein thrombophlebitis if pain is felt in the calf during passive dorsiflexion with the knee extended?

    <p>Homans Sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What test is positive for a 3° strain (rupture) of the Achilles tendon if the foot falls into neutral or slight dorsiflexion during knee flexion?

    <p>Matles Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What test is positive for a stress fracture or neuroma if pain is felt when squeezing the dorsal and plantar aspect of each intermetatarsal space?

    <p>Morton's (Squeeze) Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary muscle responsible for inversion strength?

    <p>Tibialis Posterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may increased ankle dorsiflexion compared to the other side indicate?

    <p>Foot Pronation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is primarily tested during inversion in the Talar Tilt Test?

    <p>Calcaneofibular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is primarily tested during eversion in the Talar Tilt Test?

    <p>Deltoid ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess for tarsal tunnel syndrome?

    <p>Squeeze Test of the Leg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive Crossed Leg Test indicate?

    <p>Compartment syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to measure tibial torsion in children?

    <p>Windswept deformity test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of dorsiflexion at the ankle?

    <p>20-25 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is most commonly injured in anterior compartment syndrome in the leg?

    <p>Deep peroneal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is primarily motor and causes minimal sensory loss when injured?

    <p>Deep peroneal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot?

    <p>Deep peroneal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is most commonly compressed in anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome?

    <p>Deep peroneal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is a branch of the common peroneal nerve?

    <p>Deep peroneal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is compressed in chronic exertional compartment syndrome?

    <p>Deep peroneal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess poor arterial blood circulation to the lower limb?

    <p>Buerger’s Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is primarily tested during the Duchenne Test?

    <p>Superficial peroneal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive Feiss Line test indicate?

    <p>Third-degree flatfoot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess tarsal tunnel syndrome?

    <p>Dorsiflexion-Eversion Test for Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive Crossed Leg Test indicate?

    <p>Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can continuous wearing of high-heeled shoes lead to?

    <p>Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess for tarsal tunnel syndrome?

    <p>Triple Compression Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Windlass Test used to assess?

    <p>Plantar fasciitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Tinel's Sign at the Ankle?

    <p>To assess for Morton's neuroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess for Achilles tendon rupture?

    <p>Thompson's (Simmonds') Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Swing Test for Posterior Tibiotalar Subluxation?

    <p>To assess for posterior tibiotalar subluxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Synovial Impingement Test?

    <p>To assess for synovial impingement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Hoffa's Test?

    <p>To assess for a calcaneal fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive Homans Sign indicate?

    <p>Deep vein thrombophlebitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Matles Test?

    <p>To assess for a strain (rupture) of the Achilles tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive Morton's (Squeeze) Test indicate?

    <p>A stress fracture or neuroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Patla Tibialis Posterior Length Test?

    <p>To assess the length of the tibialis posterior muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may cause a functional leg length difference?

    <p>Ankle and foot problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the lateral side of the leg and dorsum of the foot?

    <p>Superficial peroneal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary motor loss associated with a high lesion near the head of the fibula?

    <p>Loss of foot eversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary sensory alteration associated with injuries to the superficial peroneal nerve?

    <p>Sensory loss on the lateral side of the leg and dorsum of the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies all the muscles in the posterior leg and on the sole of the foot?

    <p>Tibial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the tibial nerve most commonly injured?

    <p>Popliteal area at the knee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary motor loss associated with injuries to the tibial nerve?

    <p>Loss of foot plantar flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint play movement is performed with the patient in the side-lying position?

    <p>Talar rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint position is commonly found in people in normal weight bearing?

    <p>Dorsiflexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess poor arterial blood circulation to the lower limb?

    <p>Homans Sign test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of flexion at the interphalangeal joint for the great toe?

    <p>0-30 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assess syndesmosis problems by applying gradual pressure over the anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament and checking for pain in the syndesmosis area?

    <p>Squeeze test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can continuous wearing of high-heeled shoes lead to?

    <p>Decreased calf muscle strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is commonly compressed in the deep posterior compartment from chronic exertional activity, causing pain and tightness in the calf along with weakness of muscles supplied by the nerve?

    <p>Popliteal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the compression of the tibial nerve as it passes through the tarsal tunnel at the ankle?

    <p>Tarsal tunnel syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major functional disability is caused by injury to the nerve at the knee?

    <p>Inability to plantar flex and invert the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the neurological signs associated with popliteal entrapment syndrome?

    <p>Numbness, tingling, intermittent cramping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the injury involving the sciatic nerve and one of its branches in the lower limb?

    <p>Double crush injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is a sensory branch of the femoral nerve and affects sensation on the medial side of the leg and foot when injured?

    <p>Saphenous nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure can be palpated when moving from the distal extent of the medial malleolus along a line joining the navicular tubercle?

    <p>Talus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does eversion cause to the talar head?

    <p>It becomes more prominent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tendon may be palpated where it inserts into the navicular and cuneiform bones?

    <p>Tibialis posterior tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament(s) make up the deltoid ligament that can be palpated for signs of pathology?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bony prominence can be felt when moving further distally from the medial malleolus?

    <p>Sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be palpated on the plantar aspect of the calcaneus for signs of pathology?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended method for testing the individual tarsal bones?

    <p>Group testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of swelling is indicated by swelling on only one side of the Achilles tendon?

    <p>Extracapsular swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may be implied if swelling is present at the end of the day and absent after a night of recumbency?

    <p>Venous insufficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some changes that may be observed in the skin and nails of an ischemic foot?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones should be palpated for signs of pathology such as fracture, exostosis, or Köhler’s bone disease?

    <p>Tarsal bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone should be palpated for signs of pathology such as a fracture or positional faults?

    <p>Cuboid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bony prominence is often small and difficult to palpate when examining the foot?

    <p>Sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament(s) can be palpated for signs of pathology when examining the foot?

    <p>Deltoid ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pulse is often difficult to palpate in individuals with "plump" ankles and in the presence of edema or synovial thickening?

    <p>Posterior tibial artery pulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tendon(s) can be palpated when examining the foot?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pulse can be palpated between the tendons of extensor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis longus over the junction of the first and second cuneiform bones?

    <p>Dorsalis pedis pulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pulse should be palpated and compared with that of the opposite side if an anterior compartment syndrome is suspected?

    <p>Anterior tibial artery pulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the population does not have a dorsalis pedis pulse?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be palpated for signs of pathology when examining the medial aspect of the calcaneus?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be palpated for signs of pathology when examining the plantar aspect of the calcaneus?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be palpated along the posterior surface of the medial malleolus?

    <p>Tibialis posterior and long flexor tendons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is primarily responsible for supplying the lateral side of the leg and dorsum of the foot?

    <p>Superficial Peroneal Nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is a branch of the common peroneal nerve?

    <p>Superficial Peroneal Nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for motor loss of foot eversion and ankle stability with a high lesion near the head of the fibula?

    <p>Superficial Peroneal Nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies all the muscles in the posterior leg and on the sole of the foot?

    <p>Tibial Nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve has a major role to play in the lower leg, ankle, and foot?

    <p>Tibial Nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve may be injured in the popliteal area at the knee?

    <p>Tibial Nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones should be tested individually if symptoms resulted from group testing?

    <p>Tarsal bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones should the examiner palpate for any evidence of a bunion?

    <p>Metatarsal bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones should the examiner palpate to check for conditions such as Freiberg disease?

    <p>Metatarsal bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone should the examiner palpate for signs of pathology such as a fracture or Morton's neuroma?

    <p>Fifth metatarsal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures should be palpated by the examiner to check for tenderness or swelling?

    <p>Medial malleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may be indicated if swelling is present at the end of the day and absent after a night of recumbency?

    <p>Venous insufficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tendon may be palpated where it inserts into the navicular and cuneiform bones?

    <p>Tibialis posterior tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a rupture of the tibialis posterior tendon lead to?

    <p>Decreased arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament may be palpated for signs of pathology in the deltoid ligament?

    <p>Medial collateral ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus located?

    <p>Medial malleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may be palpated on the medial aspect of the calcaneus for signs of pathology?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can the dorsalis pedis pulse be palpated?

    <p>Between the tendons of extensor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis longus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint play movement is performed with the patient in the side-lying position?

    <p>Talar rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement is performed by stabilizing the proximal bone and moving the distal bone sideways in relation to the stabilized bone without causing torsion motion at the joint?

    <p>Side glide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement is performed by stabilizing the proximal bone and rotating the distal bone with the other hand?

    <p>Rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement is performed by stabilizing the proximal bone and moving the distal bone forward and backward (plantar flexion-dorsiflexion)?

    <p>Anteroposterior glide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement is performed by stabilizing the proximal bone and moving the distal bone in an anteroposterior gliding motion in relation to the stabilized bone?

    <p>Talar rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement is performed by stabilizing the proximal bone or phalanx and applying a longitudinal distractive force to the proximal or distal phalanx, respectively?

    <p>Longitudinal distraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is commonly compressed in the deep posterior compartment from chronic exertional activity, causing pain and tightness in the calf along with weakness of muscles supplied by the nerve?

    <p>Tibial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition referred to as when the tibial nerve is compressed as it passes through the tarsal tunnel at the ankle?

    <p>Tarsal tunnel syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major functional disability does injury to the tibial nerve at the knee cause?

    <p>Inability to plantar flex and invert the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is a sensory branch of the tibial nerve that supplies the skin on the posterolateral aspect of the lower one third of the leg and the lateral aspect of the foot?

    <p>Sural nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve may be entrapped in the longitudinal arch of the foot, causing aching in the arch, burning pain in the heel, and altered sensation in the sole of the foot behind the hallux?

    <p>Medial plantar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve may be entrapped between the deep fascia of the abductor hallucis and the quadratus plantae muscles, causing chronic, dull, aching heel pain that is accentuated by walking and running?

    <p>Lateral plantar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is primarily responsible for supplying the lateral side of the leg and dorsum of the foot?

    <p>Sciatic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the navicular drop test?

    <p>To evaluate for plantar fasciitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive Feiss Line test indicate?

    <p>Morton's neuroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if shoes are stiff?

    <p>Increased risk of ankle sprains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is primarily tested during inversion in the Talar Tilt Test?

    <p>Anterior talofibular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the "too many toes" sign indicate?

    <p>Abnormal foot alignment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement is performed to test the anterior and posterior glide at the ankle joint?

    <p>Plantar flexion and dorsiflexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement is performed to test the anteroposterior glide at the midtarsal and tarsometatarsal joints?

    <p>Anteroposterior glide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement is performed to test the talar rock?

    <p>Plantar flexion and dorsiflexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement is performed to test the side tilt at the subtalar joint?

    <p>Side glide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement is performed to test the rotation at the midtarsal joints?

    <p>Rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement is performed to test the side glide at the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints?

    <p>Side glide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is often small and difficult to palpate on the medial aspect of the calcaneus?

    <p>Sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligaments can be palpated for signs of pathology on the medial aspect of the ankle?

    <p>Deltoid ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tendon may be palpated where it inserts into the navicular and cuneiform bones?

    <p>Tibialis posterior tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies blood to 75% of the foot and may be palpated posterior to the medial malleolus?

    <p>Posterior tibial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can the dorsalis pedis pulse be palpated?

    <p>Between the tendons of extensor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis longus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of ankle dorsiflexion?

    <p>20-30 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for supplying the lateral side of the leg and dorsum of the foot?

    <p>Superficial peroneal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary motor loss associated with a high lesion near the head of the fibula?

    <p>Loss of foot eversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the tibial nerve in the lower leg, ankle, and foot?

    <p>Supplying all the muscles in the posterior leg and on the sole of the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the superficial peroneal nerve commonly entrapped?

    <p>As it pierces the deep fascia to become subcutaneous about 10 to 13 cm above the lateral malleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common cause of tibial nerve injury in the popliteal area at the knee?

    <p>Trauma (e.g., dislocation, blow)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test can be performed to rule out neurological injury to the superficial peroneal nerve following lateral ankle sprains?

    <p>Slump test combined with plantar flexion and inversion of the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended method for testing the mobility of tarsal bones?

    <p>Palpation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can extracapsular swelling around the ankle be identified?

    <p>Swelling on only one side of the Achilles tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a sign of venous insufficiency in the lower leg muscles?

    <p>Swelling after a night of recumbency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of the skin and nails in an ischemic foot?

    <p>Loss of hair and thinness of the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones should be palpated on their dorsal and plantar aspects for signs of pathology such as fracture, exostosis, or Köhler's bone disease?

    <p>Second and third cuneiform bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a callus under the heads of the second and third metatarsals on the plantar aspect indicate?

    <p>Fallen metatarsal arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is palpated at the distal extent of the fibula?

    <p>Calcaneus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the calcaneal squeeze test?

    <p>To assess for retrocalcaneal bursa or fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure holds the peroneal tendons in place as they angle around the lateral malleolus?

    <p>Peroneal retinaculum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of palpating the lateral ligaments?

    <p>To assess for tenderness and swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lies between the lateral talus and the calcaneus, usually under a fat pad?

    <p>Sinus Tarsi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is the most frequently injured in the lower leg, ankle, and foot?

    <p>Anterior talofibular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should the examiner palpate the cuboid bone for signs of pathology?

    <p>Over the styloid process at the base of the fifth metatarsal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What signs of pathology should the examiner observe for when following the shin of the tibia superiorly?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should the examiner palpate the Achilles tendon for signs of pathology?

    <p>Where it inserts into the calcaneus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles should the examiner palpate along their lengths for signs of pathology?

    <p>Deep posterior compartment muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is palpated at the distal extent of the fibula?

    <p>Lateral malleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure holds the peroneal tendons in place as they angle around the lateral malleolus?

    <p>Peroneal retinaculum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is the only muscle on the dorsum of the foot?

    <p>Extensor digitorum brevis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligaments should be palpated for tenderness and swelling while palpating the lateral malleolus?

    <p>Anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, and posterior talofibular ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the sinus tarsi located?

    <p>Between the lateral talus and the calcaneus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is the most frequently injured ligament in the lower leg, ankle, and foot?

    <p>Anterior talofibular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bone may be palpated by moving further distally from the sinus tarsi or by palpating the styloid process at the base of the fifth metatarsal bone?

    <p>Cuboid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone lies between the tibia and fibula and just superior to the talus?

    <p>Talus bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be palpated on its dorsal, lateral, and plantar surfaces for signs of pathology?

    <p>Cuboid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure should be palpated for signs of pathology, such as retrocalcaneal bursitis or pump bump (Haglund deformity)?

    <p>Calcaneus bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is most commonly injured in the lower leg, ankle, and foot?

    <p>Anterior talofibular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone can be palpated on its dorsal, lateral, and plantar surfaces for signs of pathology?

    <p>Cuboid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure lies between the tibia and fibula and just superior to the talus?

    <p>Inferior tibiofibular joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure should be palpated for evidence of Sever's disease in children?

    <p>Calcaneal tuberosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles should be palpated along their lengths for signs of pathology in the leg?

    <p>Deep posterior compartment muscles and long flexors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone lies more posterior than the medial malleolus?

    <p>Lateral Malleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be palpated on the plantar aspect of the foot and is associated with plantar fasciitis?

    <p>Medial Calcaneal Tubercle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tendons can be palpated as they angle around the lateral malleolus to their insertion in the foot and up to their origin in the peroneal muscles of the leg?

    <p>Peroneal Tendons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the examiner palpate for tenderness while asking the patient to invert and evert the foot?

    <p>Peroneal Retinaculum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lies between the lateral talus and the calcaneus, usually under a fat pad?

    <p>Sinus Tarsi</p> Signup and view all the answers

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