Special Tests and Reflexes in Physical Therapy
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Questions and Answers

What condition does the Phalen Test specifically assess?

  • De Quervain's disease
  • Tendonitis
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome (correct)
  • Scaphoid ligament instability

Which test has the highest sensitivity and specificity for De Quervain's disease?

  • Scaphoid Shift Test
  • Wrist Flexion Test
  • Funkerstein's Test (correct)
  • Phalen Test

What is a common limitation of special tests in healthy individuals?

  • False negatives in severe cases
  • Positive results in individuals with lax connective tissue (correct)
  • High specificity for all tests
  • Inability to detect any condition

Which special test evaluates scaphoid interosseous ligament instability?

<p>Scaphoid Shift Test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the most recent studies, what should be done after a positive test result?

<p>Move onto the next step if no positive result is found (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a weak or absent knee reflex indicate?

<p>Hyporeflexion of the knee-jerk (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which spinal level is responsible for sensory input to the lateral aspect of the thigh?

<p>L3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by a reflex score of 0?

<p>Absent reflex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area of skin is supplied by the C5 spinal nerve?

<p>Over the deltoid muscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reflex score indicates sustained clonus?

<p>5+ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the extensor pollicis brevis?

<p>Posterior surface of the distal third of the radius (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the abductor pollicis longus insert?

<p>Medial aspect of the proximal phalanx of the thumb and the extensor hood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion point of the scapholunate ligament?

<p>Most proximal and superior part of the articular surface between the scaphoid and lunate bones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the knee reflex test assess?

<p>L2, L3, L4 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Katie emphasize to the patient in her informed consent?

<p>The patient can request to stop at any time during the assessment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the ACL?

<p>Medial wall of femoral epicondyle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specificity range for the Posterior Drawer test?

<p>97-100% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test has a sensitivity range of 81-89%?

<p>Lachman's test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the PCL insertion?

<p>Attaches to the anterior part of the lateral surface of the medial femoral condyle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should the Posterior Drawer test be performed first?

<p>It may affect the results of the ACL test. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the origin and insertion of the ACL?

The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) originates on the medial wall of the femoral epicondyle and inserts in the middle of the intercondylar area of the tibia.

What is the origin and insertion of the PCL?

The Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) originates on the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia and inserts on the anterior part of the lateral surface of the medial femoral condyle.

What does the Posterior Drawer test assess?

The Posterior Drawer test is used to assess the integrity of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) in the knee.

What does the Lachman's test assess?

The Lachman's test is used to assess the integrity of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) in the knee.

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What does the Anterior Drawer test assess?

The Anterior Drawer test is used to assess the integrity of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) in the knee, but is less sensitive than other tests like Lachman's.

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Phalen's Test

A test for carpal tunnel syndrome, involving repetitive wrist flexion and extension. It is a common test with good sensitivity (~80%) and specificity (~90%)

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Finkelstein's Test

A test for De Quervain's Tenosynovitis, involving stretching the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus tendons. It has high sensitivity and specificity (close to 100%)

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Scaphoid Shift Test

A test for scaphoid instability by stressing the scaphoid bone and assessing its movement in relation to the radius. It has varying sensitivity and specificity (between 50% and 80%).

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Phalen's Test

A special test for wrist and hand conditions, known for its high sensitivity and specificity. It involves repetitive wrist flexion and extension for a specified duration, typically 60 seconds or more.

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Finkelstein's Test

This test checks for 'De Quervain's tenosynovitis', a common condition affecting the tendons on the thumb side of the wrist.

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Where does the Extensor Pollicis Brevis muscle originate?

The Extensor Pollicis Brevis muscle originates on the back of the radius bone, just below the Extensor Pollicis Longus muscle. It inserts into the base of the thumb's first bone.

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Where does the Abductor Pollicis Longus Muscle originate?

The Abductor Pollicis Longus muscle originates on the upper half of the radius bone. It inserts on the inside of the thumb's first bone and the extensor hood.

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What bones does the Scapholunate Ligament connect?

The Scapholunate Ligament connects the Scaphoid bone to the Lunate bone in the wrist.

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What is informed consent?

Informed consent is when a patient understands the risks and benefits of a procedure and agrees to it. It involves explaining the procedure and asking if the patient is okay to continue.

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Which spinal segments does the knee reflex test?

The knee reflex test checks the function of the nerves in the L2, L3, and L4 spinal segments. It is done by tapping the patellar tendon below the kneecap.

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What is Westphal's Sign?

A weakened or absent knee-jerk reflex, indicating potential nerve damage in the lower lumbar region (L2-L4).

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What are dermatomes?

Areas of skin innervated by specific spinal nerves. Each nerve root supplies a specific area of sensation.

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L3 Sensory Input

The sensory input to the medial part of the distal thigh is supplied by which spinal nerve?

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Interpreting Reflex Scores

A 0 score indicates an absent reflex, always considered abnormal. A score of 2+ represents a normal reflex.

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C7 Sensory Input

The tip of the middle finger is innervated by which spinal nerve?

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