Neurology Quiz: Brain Injuries & Multiple Sclerosis

<p>Both B and C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seizures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frontal and temporal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreasing level of consciousness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mild brain injury that may or may not involve loss of consciousness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Destruction of myelin sheaths leading to loss of nerve conductivity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smoking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symptoms caused by inflammation and demyelination in the CNS (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20-40 years old (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle hypertrophy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Degeneration of myelin sheaths (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A combination of genetic and environmental factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immediate, but transitory clinical manifestations without loss of consciousness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biomarkers like GFAP and UCH-L1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A GCS score of 13-15 is consistent with mild TBI. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seizures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most blunt trauma injuries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Damage to the delicate axonal fibers and white matter tracts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of retrograde amnesia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypertension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pure motor or sensory deficits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hippocampus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Middle Cerebral Artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysarthria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patent Foramen Ovale (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Locked-in Syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitral Valve Prolapse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemiparesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The blood-brain barrier prevents effective delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of consciousness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meningioma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Astrocytoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Headache (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An autoimmune response targeting peripheral nerve components (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Progressive weakness, often starting in the legs and moving upwards (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Destruction of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weakness that worsens with activity and improves with rest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GBS involves demyelination, while myasthenia gravis targets acetylcholine receptors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A recent bacterial or viral infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IgG (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Damage to axonal fibers and white matter tracts affecting the cerebral cortex.

The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) for mild TBI is 13 to 15.

Biomarkers used to diagnose TBI and mild concussions.

GFAP levels peak around 20 hours post-injury.

Transient confusion, no loss of consciousness, resolves in 15 min.

Includes headaches, nausea, confusion, and attention deficits.

Memory loss after trauma, can last less than 24 hours.

Loss of consciousness up to 6 hours, includes amnesia.

Injury where the dura mater remains intact and no brain tissue is exposed.

Specific observable lesions in a precise brain location caused by trauma.

Blood leaking from injured vessels in specific brain areas, especially frontal and temporal lobes.

Bleeding between the dura mater and the skull, often due to arterial bleeding.

Accumulation of blood between the dura mater and brain, often from falls or MVAs.

Bleeding within the brain tissue itself, associated with contusions.

A set of symptoms resulting from head trauma that may include loss of consciousness.

Different levels of concussion severity ranging from mild to severe.

Muscle weakness affecting eyes, face, mouth, throat, and neck, leading to ptosis, diplopia, and facial droop.

Tumors that originate from brain tissue itself, including neuroglia and neurons.

Brain tumors that spread from other body areas, including astrocytomas and glioblastomas.

Tumors that arise from glial cells, causing seizures, visual disturbances, and loss of balance.

A common type of brain tumor that develops from astrocytes, often causing headaches and seizures.

A chronic inflammatory disease causing CNS myelin degeneration and plaque formation.

An autoimmune response in genetically susceptible individuals, with unknown cause; influenced by genetic and environmental factors.

A type of stroke caused by a clot that travels to the brain from elsewhere in the body.

A small stroke occurring in small perforating arteries, typically affecting the basal ganglia and pons.

First neurologic episode lasting over 24 hours; may lead to MS.

A symptom of MS involving tingling or numbness, especially in limbs and face.

Common causes include hyperlipidemia, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus.

A type of MS symptom with blurring vision and eye pain due to inflammation.

A type of stroke caused by spontaneous bleeding into the brain, often due to high blood pressure.

Symptoms like tremor and gait instability due to cerebellum lesions in MS.

The middle cerebral artery, affecting speech and motor function, particularly in the dominant hemisphere.

Paralysis or weakness on the side opposite to the affected artery, mainly affecting lower limbs.

Memory and attention problems that may develop as MS progresses; includes depression and dementia.

Characterized by episodes of neurological symptoms followed by periods of remission.

Stroke affecting the basilar artery, leading to motor and sensory deficits, including 'locked-in syndrome'.

Focal neurological deficits in 80% of patients, often including severe headache and loss of consciousness.

Deficits resulting from lacunar strokes, often due to small areas of infarction.

Cognitive deficits caused by specific artery occlusions, leading to issues like aphasia or apraxia.

A rare autoimmune disorder causing peripheral nerve demyelination.

Involves molecular mimicry leading to immune injury of peripheral nerves.

Immune response triggered by pathogens mimicking self-components.

Symptoms include numbness, pain, weakness, and progressive paralysis.

A chronic autoimmune disease affecting neuromuscular transmission.

Autoantibodies block Ach receptors, impairing nerve impulse transmission.

Exertional fatigue and muscle weakness that improves with rest.