156 Questions
Which word root refers to strength?
Sthen/o
Which word root refers to muscle?
Myo/o
Which term refers to the attachment of a muscle to a non-moving bone or structure?
Origin
Which term describes moving a body part toward the midline?
Adduction
What muscle action means to make a circle with part of the body?
Circumduction
A person bringing part of the body forward is performing which muscle action?
Protraction
What muscle action describes raising the shoulders or closing the jaw?
Elevation
Which of the following muscles does not originate on the humerus?
Brachioradialis
What is the function of the rectus abdominis?
To compress the abdomen
Which of the following muscles has an insertion on the mandible?
All of these muscles insert on the mandible.
What is the origin of the frontalis muscle?
Epicranial aponeurosis
Which one of these is a function of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
All of these are functions of the CSF
Which one of these is a subdivision of the brain?
Cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum
What are the folds on the cerebrum that allow for the extra surface area?
Gyri
Which mineral is required for muscle cell function, in addition to essential and non-essential amino acids?
Calcium
What is the recommended daily allowance of protein for a person of average weight?
46–56 g
Which of the following is not a function of the muscular system?
Electrolyte balance
Which muscular disorder is characterized by part of the viscera protruding through the abdominal wall?
Hernia
Which of the following word roots refers to the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord?
Mening/o
What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?
Central and peripheral
Which of the following is not found in the central nervous system?
Sensory neurons
Which of the following is not a part of the PNS?
Interneurons
Which theory of muscle contraction involves thick myofilaments grabbing thin myofilaments and pulling them toward the center of the sarcomere?
Sliding filament theory
What is a power stroke?
Myosin pulling on actin to draw Z-lines toward the center, shortening the sarcomere
Which of the following describes an event that occurs in the latent phase of a muscle contraction?
Acetylcholine is released and fits into the receptors on the muscle cell.
In which phase of a contraction is calcium actively transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
Relaxation phase
Which of the following word roots refers to muscle?
Myo/o
Which of the following terms refers to the attachment of a muscle to the bone or structure that does not move when the muscle contracts?
Origin
What does the term intrinsic refer to in regard to muscle?
Intrinsic describes a muscle that has an origin and insertion located in the same body region.
Which term describes moving a body part toward the midline?
Adduction
What muscle action describes bringing the thumb into the palm?
Opposition
Which of the following is not found on the back or buttocks?
Deltoid
Which of the following is not found on the arm or forearm?
Orbicularis Oris
Which of the following muscles is not found on the thigh or leg?
Brachialis
Which of the following muscles closes the eye?
Orbicularis oculi
Which of the following muscles has an insertion on the mandible?
All of these muscles insert on the mandible.
What is the origin of the frontalis muscle?
Epicranial aponeurosis
Which of the following is a function of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
All of these are functions of the CSF
What are the folds on the cerebrum that allow for the extra surface area?
Gyri
Which mineral is required for muscle cell function, in addition to essential and non-essential amino acids?
Calcium
Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for general senses like touch?
Parietal
What is the effect of motor unit recruitment?
Involvement of multiple muscles for one movement
Which type of contraction is used when pushing against a door that will not open?
Isometric contraction
What is a diagnostic test used to assess how the muscle responds to stimuli?
EMG
Which of the following is not a part of the central nervous system?
Sensory neurons
Which part of a neuron carries the nerve impulse?
Axon
What insulates the axon?
Myelin sheath
Which type of neuron is found in the nasal cavity, retina, and inner ear?
Bipolar
Which theory of muscle contraction involves thick myofilaments grabbing thin myofilaments and pulling them toward the center of the sarcomere?
Sliding filament theory
In which phase of a contraction is calcium actively transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
Relaxation phase
Which of the following describes an event that occurs in the latent phase of a muscle contraction?
Acetylcholine is released and fits into the receptors on the muscle cell.
Which type of muscle tissue is voluntary and under conscious control?
Skeletal
Which of the following word roots refers to muscle?
Myo/o
Which of the following word roots refers to strength?
Sthen/o
Which of the following terms refers to the attachment of a muscle to the bone or structure that does not move when the muscle contracts?
Origin
Which term describes bending a body part anteriorly (except in regard to the knee)?
Flexion
What muscle action means to spin on an axis?
Rotation
What is a fixator?
A muscle that holds an origin stable for another muscle
Which of the following is not found on the arm or forearm?
Orbicularis Oris
Which mineral is required for muscle cell function, in addition to essential and non-essential amino acids?
Calcium and potassium
What is the dietary recommended daily allowance of protein for a person of average weight?
46–56 g
What is not a function of the muscular system?
Electrolyte balance
What function of the muscular system is performed when a person's facial expression can tell you how they feel?
Communication
Which part of the brain is responsible for hearing?
Brainstem
What are the folds on the cerebrum that allow for the extra surface area?
Gyri
What is the function of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum?
All of these are correct
Which of the following muscles does not originate on the femur?
Vastus intermedius
What is the function of the sartorius?
To flex the knee and adduct the hip
Which of the following accurately describes the gastrocnemius and soleus?
They are synergists for plantar flexion.
What is the connective tissue that surrounds a fascicle in a skeletal muscle?
Perimysium
Which statement about a muscle's response to nerve stimulation is true?
All of these answers are correct.
What theory of muscle contraction involves thick myofilaments grabbing thin myofilaments and pulling them toward the center of the sarcomere?
Sliding filament theory
What is a power stroke?
Myosin pulling on actin to draw Z-lines toward the center, shortening the sarcomere
In which phase of a contraction is calcium actively transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
Relaxation phase
Which of the following is the deepest meningeal layer, closest to the brain and spinal cord?
Pia mater
What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
To protect the brain and spinal cord from injury
Which type of neuron has one process that serves as both the dendrite and axon?
Unipolar neuron
Which neuroglial cell functions to form the blood-brain barrier?
Astrocyte
Which of the following word roots refers to muscle?
Myo/o
Which of the following terms refers to the attachment of a muscle to the bone or structure that does not move when the muscle contracts?
Origin
What does the term extrinsic refer to in regard to muscle?
Extrinsic describes a muscle that has an origin and insertion located in different body regions.
Which term describes moving a body part toward the midline?
Adduction
What muscle action means to spin on an axis?
Rotation
What muscle action describes bringing the thumb into the palm?
Opposition
Which of the following is not a muscle of the head or neck?
Pectoralis major
Which one of these is a function of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
All of these are functions of the CSF
What are the folds on the cerebrum that allow for the extra surface area?
Gyri
Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for general senses like touch?
Parietal
Which of the following minerals are required for muscle cell function?
Calcium and potassium
What is the recommended daily allowance of protein for a person of average weight?
46–56 g
Which of the following is not a function of the muscular system?
Electrolyte balance
Which of the following statements about the aging of the muscular system is not true?
Our diet and lifestyle solely determine the rate and extent of muscle loss.
Which statement about a muscle's response to nerve stimulation is true?
A muscle's response to nerve stimulation is based on the threshold amount of acetylcholine fitting into receptors.
What is a power stroke?
Myosin pulling on actin to draw Z-lines toward the center, shortening the sarcomere
What theory of muscle contraction involves thick myofilaments grabbing thin myofilaments and pulling them toward the center of the sarcomere?
Sliding filament theory
In which phase of a contraction is calcium actively transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
Relaxation phase
Which of the following word roots refers to the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord?
Medull/o
What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?
Central and peripheral
Which of the following is not found in the central nervous system?
Sensory neurons
Which of the following is not a part of the PNS?
Interneurons
Which of the following muscles does not originate on the femur?
Vastus intermedius
What is the function of the sartorius?
To flex the knee and adduct the hip
Which of the following muscles does not flex the arm at the elbow?
Triceps brachii
Which of the following is not part of the hamstring group?
Gracilis
Which of the following word roots refers to muscle?
Myo/o
Which term describes moving a body part away from the midline?
Abduction
Which of the following terms refers to the attachment of a muscle to the bone or structure that does not move when the muscle contracts?
Origin
What muscle action describes bringing the thumb into the palm?
Opposition
What does the term intrinsic refer to in regard to muscle?
Intrinsic describes a muscle that has an origin and insertion located in the same body region.
Which of the following is not a muscle of the head or neck?
Pectoralis major
Which of the following is not found on the back or buttocks?
Deltoid
Which of the following muscles is not found on the thigh or leg?
Brachialis
Which of the following muscles closes the eye?
Orbicularis oculi
Which of the following muscles has an insertion on the mandible?
All of these muscles insert on the mandible.
What is the origin of the frontalis muscle?
Epicranial aponeurosis
Which statement accurately compares sprains and strains?
A sprain is a tear in the ligament while a strain is a tear in muscle tissue or tendons.
What is not a function of the muscular system?
Electrolyte balance
What is the dietary recommended daily allowance of protein for a person of average weight?
46–56 g
Which of the following minerals are required for muscle cell function?
Calcium and potassium
Which subdivision of the brain is responsible for controlling basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate?
Brainstem
Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for processing visual information?
Occipital lobe
What is the function of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum?
Hearing
Which of the following word roots refers to the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord?
Medull/o
What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?
Central and peripheral
Which of the following is not found in the central nervous system?
Sensory neurons
Which of the following is not a part of the PNS?
Interneurons
Which statement about a muscle's response to nerve stimulation is true?
All of these answers are correct.
What theory of muscle contraction involves thick myofilaments grabbing thin myofilaments and pulling them toward the center of the sarcomere?
Sliding filament theory
In which phase of a contraction is calcium actively transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
Relaxation phase
Which of the following describes an event that occurs in the latent phase of a muscle contraction?
Acetylcholine is released and fits into the receptors on the muscle cell.
Which of the following word roots refers to muscle?
Myo/o
Which of the following word roots refers to strength?
Sthen/o
Which of the following terms refers to the attachment of a muscle to the bone or structure that does not move when the muscle contracts?
Origin
Which of the following muscles is not found on the thigh or leg?
Brachialis
Which of the following muscles closes the eye?
Orbicularis oculi
Which of the following muscles has an insertion on the mandible?
All of these muscles insert on the mandible.
What is the origin of the frontalis muscle?
Epicranial aponeurosis
Which of the following minerals are required for muscle cell function?
Calcium and potassium
What is the dietary recommended daily allowance of protein for a person of average weight?
46–56 g
What is not a function of the muscular system?
Electrolyte balance
Which of the following statements about the aging of the muscular system is not true?
Our diet and lifestyle solely determine the rate and extent of muscle loss.
Which one of these is a function of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
All of these are functions of the CSF
What are the folds on the cerebrum that allow for the extra surface area?
Gyri
Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for general senses like touch?
Parietal
Which of the following word roots refers to the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord?
Mening/o
What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?
Central and peripheral
Which of the following is not found in the central nervous system?
Sensory neurons
Which of the following is not a part of the PNS?
Interneurons
Which of the following best describes a fixator muscle?
A muscle that holds an origin stable for another muscle
Which of the following best describes a prime mover muscle?
The main muscle that performs an action
Which of the following best describes a synergist muscle?
A muscle that has the same action as the prime mover
Which of the following best describes an antagonist muscle?
A muscle that has the opposite action of the prime mover
Which theory of muscle contraction involves thick myofilaments grabbing thin myofilaments and pulling them toward the center of the sarcomere?
Sliding filament theory
What is a power stroke?
Myosin pulling on actin to draw Z-lines toward the center, shortening the sarcomere
In which phase of a muscle contraction is calcium actively transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
Relaxation phase
Which of the following describes an event that occurs in the latent phase of a muscle contraction?
Acetylcholine is released and fits into the receptors on the muscle cell.
Study Notes
Muscle Anatomy and Function
- The word root "dyn" refers to strength.
- The word root "my" refers to muscle.
- The term "origin" refers to the attachment of a muscle to a non-moving bone or structure.
- The term "adduction" describes moving a body part toward the midline.
- The term "circumduction" means to make a circle with part of the body.
- The term "anteversion" describes bringing a part of the body forward.
Muscle Actions
- The term "elevation" describes raising the shoulders or closing the jaw.
- The term "flexion" describes bending a body part anteriorly (except in regard to the knee).
- The term "rotation" means to spin on an axis.
- A fixator is a muscle that stabilizes a joint, allowing other muscles to move.
Muscle Structure and Function
- The rectus abdominis muscle functions to compress the abdominal contents.
- The frontalis muscle originates from the epicranial aponeurosis.
- The sartorius muscle functions to flex the knee and rotate the femur laterally.
- The gastrocnemius and soleus muscles work together to plantarflex the foot.
Nervous System
- The two major divisions of the nervous system are the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).
- The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord.
- The PNS consists of nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body.
- The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) functions to cushion and protect the brain and spinal cord.
- The meninges are the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord.
- The cerebral cortex is divided into lobes, including the frontal lobe, which is responsible for motor function and general senses like touch.
Muscle Contraction
- The theory of muscle contraction involves thick myofilaments grabbing thin myofilaments and pulling them toward the center of the sarcomere.
- A power stroke is the movement of the thick myofilaments toward the center of the sarcomere.
- In the relaxation phase, calcium is actively transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Nutrition and Muscle Function
- The recommended daily allowance of protein for a person of average weight is 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight.
- The mineral magnesium is required for muscle cell function, in addition to essential and non-essential amino acids.
Other
- The muscular system functions to maintain posture, regulate body temperature, and facilitate movement.
- The term "intrinsic" refers to muscles that originate within a body part, whereas "extrinsic" refers to muscles that originate outside of a body part.
- The term "hernia" refers to a condition where part of the viscera protrudes through the abdominal wall.
Test your knowledge of neurology with this quiz! Identify word roots related to the brain and spinal cord, and determine the major divisions of the nervous system. See if you can identify what is not found in the central nervous system.
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