Neurology Knowledge Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which word root refers to strength?

  • Sthen/o (correct)
  • Muscul/o
  • Myo/o
  • Sacr/o

    • Which word root refers to muscle?

  • Sthen/o
  • Myco/o
  • Sacr/o
  • Myo/o (correct)

    • Which term refers to the attachment of a muscle to a non-moving bone or structure?

  • Belly
  • Origin (correct)
  • Tendon
  • Insertion

    • Which term describes moving a body part toward the midline?

    <p>Adduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscle action means to make a circle with part of the body?

    <p>Circumduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A person bringing part of the body forward is performing which muscle action?

    <p>Protraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscle action describes raising the shoulders or closing the jaw?

    <p>Elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles does not originate on the humerus?

    <p>Brachioradialis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the rectus abdominis?

    <p>To compress the abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles has an insertion on the mandible?

    <p>All of these muscles insert on the mandible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the frontalis muscle?

    <p>Epicranial aponeurosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is a function of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

    <p>All of these are functions of the CSF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is a subdivision of the brain?

    <p>Cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the folds on the cerebrum that allow for the extra surface area?

    <p>Gyri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral is required for muscle cell function, in addition to essential and non-essential amino acids?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily allowance of protein for a person of average weight?

    <p>46–56 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a function of the muscular system?

    <p>Electrolyte balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscular disorder is characterized by part of the viscera protruding through the abdominal wall?

    <p>Hernia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following word roots refers to the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord?

    <p>Mening/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?

    <p>Central and peripheral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not found in the central nervous system?

    <p>Sensory neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a part of the PNS?

    <p>Interneurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory of muscle contraction involves thick myofilaments grabbing thin myofilaments and pulling them toward the center of the sarcomere?

    <p>Sliding filament theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a power stroke?

    <p>Myosin pulling on actin to draw Z-lines toward the center, shortening the sarcomere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes an event that occurs in the latent phase of a muscle contraction?

    <p>Acetylcholine is released and fits into the receptors on the muscle cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of a contraction is calcium actively transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Relaxation phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following word roots refers to muscle?

    <p>Myo/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to the attachment of a muscle to the bone or structure that does not move when the muscle contracts?

    <p>Origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term intrinsic refer to in regard to muscle?

    <p>Intrinsic describes a muscle that has an origin and insertion located in the same body region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes moving a body part toward the midline?

    <p>Adduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscle action describes bringing the thumb into the palm?

    <p>Opposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not found on the back or buttocks?

    <p>Deltoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not found on the arm or forearm?

    <p>Orbicularis Oris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is not found on the thigh or leg?

    <p>Brachialis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles closes the eye?

    <p>Orbicularis oculi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles has an insertion on the mandible?

    <p>All of these muscles insert on the mandible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the frontalis muscle?

    <p>Epicranial aponeurosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

    <p>All of these are functions of the CSF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the folds on the cerebrum that allow for the extra surface area?

    <p>Gyri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral is required for muscle cell function, in addition to essential and non-essential amino acids?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for general senses like touch?

    <p>Parietal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of motor unit recruitment?

    <p>Involvement of multiple muscles for one movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of contraction is used when pushing against a door that will not open?

    <p>Isometric contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a diagnostic test used to assess how the muscle responds to stimuli?

    <p>EMG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a part of the central nervous system?

    <p>Sensory neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a neuron carries the nerve impulse?

    <p>Axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What insulates the axon?

    <p>Myelin sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron is found in the nasal cavity, retina, and inner ear?

    <p>Bipolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory of muscle contraction involves thick myofilaments grabbing thin myofilaments and pulling them toward the center of the sarcomere?

    <p>Sliding filament theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of a contraction is calcium actively transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Relaxation phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes an event that occurs in the latent phase of a muscle contraction?

    <p>Acetylcholine is released and fits into the receptors on the muscle cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle tissue is voluntary and under conscious control?

    <p>Skeletal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following word roots refers to muscle?

    <p>Myo/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following word roots refers to strength?

    <p>Sthen/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to the attachment of a muscle to the bone or structure that does not move when the muscle contracts?

    <p>Origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes bending a body part anteriorly (except in regard to the knee)?

    <p>Flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscle action means to spin on an axis?

    <p>Rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fixator?

    <p>A muscle that holds an origin stable for another muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not found on the arm or forearm?

    <p>Orbicularis Oris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral is required for muscle cell function, in addition to essential and non-essential amino acids?

    <p>Calcium and potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dietary recommended daily allowance of protein for a person of average weight?

    <p>46–56 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a function of the muscular system?

    <p>Electrolyte balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function of the muscular system is performed when a person's facial expression can tell you how they feel?

    <p>Communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is responsible for hearing?

    <p>Brainstem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the folds on the cerebrum that allow for the extra surface area?

    <p>Gyri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum?

    <p>All of these are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles does not originate on the femur?

    <p>Vastus intermedius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the sartorius?

    <p>To flex the knee and adduct the hip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the gastrocnemius and soleus?

    <p>They are synergists for plantar flexion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the connective tissue that surrounds a fascicle in a skeletal muscle?

    <p>Perimysium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about a muscle's response to nerve stimulation is true?

    <p>All of these answers are correct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theory of muscle contraction involves thick myofilaments grabbing thin myofilaments and pulling them toward the center of the sarcomere?

    <p>Sliding filament theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a power stroke?

    <p>Myosin pulling on actin to draw Z-lines toward the center, shortening the sarcomere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of a contraction is calcium actively transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Relaxation phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the deepest meningeal layer, closest to the brain and spinal cord?

    <p>Pia mater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

    <p>To protect the brain and spinal cord from injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron has one process that serves as both the dendrite and axon?

    <p>Unipolar neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neuroglial cell functions to form the blood-brain barrier?

    <p>Astrocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following word roots refers to muscle?

    <p>Myo/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to the attachment of a muscle to the bone or structure that does not move when the muscle contracts?

    <p>Origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term extrinsic refer to in regard to muscle?

    <p>Extrinsic describes a muscle that has an origin and insertion located in different body regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes moving a body part toward the midline?

    <p>Adduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscle action means to spin on an axis?

    <p>Rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscle action describes bringing the thumb into the palm?

    <p>Opposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a muscle of the head or neck?

    <p>Pectoralis major</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is a function of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

    <p>All of these are functions of the CSF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the folds on the cerebrum that allow for the extra surface area?

    <p>Gyri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for general senses like touch?

    <p>Parietal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following minerals are required for muscle cell function?

    <p>Calcium and potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily allowance of protein for a person of average weight?

    <p>46–56 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a function of the muscular system?

    <p>Electrolyte balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the aging of the muscular system is not true?

    <p>Our diet and lifestyle solely determine the rate and extent of muscle loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about a muscle's response to nerve stimulation is true?

    <p>A muscle's response to nerve stimulation is based on the threshold amount of acetylcholine fitting into receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a power stroke?

    <p>Myosin pulling on actin to draw Z-lines toward the center, shortening the sarcomere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theory of muscle contraction involves thick myofilaments grabbing thin myofilaments and pulling them toward the center of the sarcomere?

    <p>Sliding filament theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of a contraction is calcium actively transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Relaxation phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following word roots refers to the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord?

    <p>Medull/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?

    <p>Central and peripheral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not found in the central nervous system?

    <p>Sensory neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a part of the PNS?

    <p>Interneurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles does not originate on the femur?

    <p>Vastus intermedius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the sartorius?

    <p>To flex the knee and adduct the hip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles does not flex the arm at the elbow?

    <p>Triceps brachii</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not part of the hamstring group?

    <p>Gracilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following word roots refers to muscle?

    <p>Myo/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes moving a body part away from the midline?

    <p>Abduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to the attachment of a muscle to the bone or structure that does not move when the muscle contracts?

    <p>Origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscle action describes bringing the thumb into the palm?

    <p>Opposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term intrinsic refer to in regard to muscle?

    <p>Intrinsic describes a muscle that has an origin and insertion located in the same body region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a muscle of the head or neck?

    <p>Pectoralis major</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not found on the back or buttocks?

    <p>Deltoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is not found on the thigh or leg?

    <p>Brachialis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles closes the eye?

    <p>Orbicularis oculi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles has an insertion on the mandible?

    <p>All of these muscles insert on the mandible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the frontalis muscle?

    <p>Epicranial aponeurosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately compares sprains and strains?

    <p>A sprain is a tear in the ligament while a strain is a tear in muscle tissue or tendons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a function of the muscular system?

    <p>Electrolyte balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dietary recommended daily allowance of protein for a person of average weight?

    <p>46–56 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following minerals are required for muscle cell function?

    <p>Calcium and potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subdivision of the brain is responsible for controlling basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate?

    <p>Brainstem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for processing visual information?

    <p>Occipital lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum?

    <p>Hearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following word roots refers to the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord?

    <p>Medull/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?

    <p>Central and peripheral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not found in the central nervous system?

    <p>Sensory neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a part of the PNS?

    <p>Interneurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about a muscle's response to nerve stimulation is true?

    <p>All of these answers are correct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theory of muscle contraction involves thick myofilaments grabbing thin myofilaments and pulling them toward the center of the sarcomere?

    <p>Sliding filament theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of a contraction is calcium actively transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Relaxation phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes an event that occurs in the latent phase of a muscle contraction?

    <p>Acetylcholine is released and fits into the receptors on the muscle cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following word roots refers to muscle?

    <p>Myo/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following word roots refers to strength?

    <p>Sthen/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to the attachment of a muscle to the bone or structure that does not move when the muscle contracts?

    <p>Origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is not found on the thigh or leg?

    <p>Brachialis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles closes the eye?

    <p>Orbicularis oculi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles has an insertion on the mandible?

    <p>All of these muscles insert on the mandible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the frontalis muscle?

    <p>Epicranial aponeurosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following minerals are required for muscle cell function?

    <p>Calcium and potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dietary recommended daily allowance of protein for a person of average weight?

    <p>46–56 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a function of the muscular system?

    <p>Electrolyte balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the aging of the muscular system is not true?

    <p>Our diet and lifestyle solely determine the rate and extent of muscle loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is a function of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

    <p>All of these are functions of the CSF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the folds on the cerebrum that allow for the extra surface area?

    <p>Gyri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for general senses like touch?

    <p>Parietal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following word roots refers to the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord?

    <p>Mening/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?

    <p>Central and peripheral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not found in the central nervous system?

    <p>Sensory neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a part of the PNS?

    <p>Interneurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a fixator muscle?

    <p>A muscle that holds an origin stable for another muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a prime mover muscle?

    <p>The main muscle that performs an action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a synergist muscle?

    <p>A muscle that has the same action as the prime mover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes an antagonist muscle?

    <p>A muscle that has the opposite action of the prime mover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory of muscle contraction involves thick myofilaments grabbing thin myofilaments and pulling them toward the center of the sarcomere?

    <p>Sliding filament theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a power stroke?

    <p>Myosin pulling on actin to draw Z-lines toward the center, shortening the sarcomere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of a muscle contraction is calcium actively transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Relaxation phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes an event that occurs in the latent phase of a muscle contraction?

    <p>Acetylcholine is released and fits into the receptors on the muscle cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Muscle Anatomy and Function

    • The word root "dyn" refers to strength.
    • The word root "my" refers to muscle.
    • The term "origin" refers to the attachment of a muscle to a non-moving bone or structure.
    • The term "adduction" describes moving a body part toward the midline.
    • The term "circumduction" means to make a circle with part of the body.
    • The term "anteversion" describes bringing a part of the body forward.

    Muscle Actions

    • The term "elevation" describes raising the shoulders or closing the jaw.
    • The term "flexion" describes bending a body part anteriorly (except in regard to the knee).
    • The term "rotation" means to spin on an axis.
    • A fixator is a muscle that stabilizes a joint, allowing other muscles to move.

    Muscle Structure and Function

    • The rectus abdominis muscle functions to compress the abdominal contents.
    • The frontalis muscle originates from the epicranial aponeurosis.
    • The sartorius muscle functions to flex the knee and rotate the femur laterally.
    • The gastrocnemius and soleus muscles work together to plantarflex the foot.

    Nervous System

    • The two major divisions of the nervous system are the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).
    • The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord.
    • The PNS consists of nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body.
    • The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) functions to cushion and protect the brain and spinal cord.
    • The meninges are the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord.
    • The cerebral cortex is divided into lobes, including the frontal lobe, which is responsible for motor function and general senses like touch.

    Muscle Contraction

    • The theory of muscle contraction involves thick myofilaments grabbing thin myofilaments and pulling them toward the center of the sarcomere.
    • A power stroke is the movement of the thick myofilaments toward the center of the sarcomere.
    • In the relaxation phase, calcium is actively transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

    Nutrition and Muscle Function

    • The recommended daily allowance of protein for a person of average weight is 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight.
    • The mineral magnesium is required for muscle cell function, in addition to essential and non-essential amino acids.

    Other

    • The muscular system functions to maintain posture, regulate body temperature, and facilitate movement.
    • The term "intrinsic" refers to muscles that originate within a body part, whereas "extrinsic" refers to muscles that originate outside of a body part.
    • The term "hernia" refers to a condition where part of the viscera protrudes through the abdominal wall.

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    Test your knowledge of neurology with this quiz! Identify word roots related to the brain and spinal cord, and determine the major divisions of the nervous system. See if you can identify what is not found in the central nervous system.

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