Neurology and Stroke Quiz

<p>Immediate onset of symptoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Damage to DNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Embolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NMDA antagonists (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A single dominant gene mutation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Middle age (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Huntington's disease is genetic, while MS is autoimmune. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The gene accumulates errors in its DNA sequence leading to an abnormal protein. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seizures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher CAG repeats correlate with more severe symptoms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They produce myelin, which insulates nerve fibers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immunomodulators (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alpha-synuclein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves the conversion of MPTP to MPP+ in astrocytes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>25% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Involves both T-cell and B-cell mediated autoimmune processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immunomodulators (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prodromal Phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of amyloid plaques (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The diagnosis requires confirmation of neuropathological changes in the brain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It often leads to a decline in cognitive function, personality changes, and behavioral disturbances. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The CNS utilizes a different type of glial cell for myelination. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They facilitate the clean-up of cellular debris and release growth factors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inhibitory factors released by oligodendrocytes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The damaged nerve is completely removed by phagocytosis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Collateral sprouting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The development of new receptive fields in nearby cortical areas. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Somatotopic reorganization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Animal models demonstrate faster reorganization than humans. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tremor during inactivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Kindling Model suggests that post-traumatic epilepsy may develop gradually over time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A warning sign that precedes a seizure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dopamine production is decreased, resulting in difficulty initiating movements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anticonvulsant medication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lewy bodies are clusters of abnormal proteins that are found in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson's Disease. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By stimulating the brain with electrical or chemical impulses repeatedly over time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vagus nerve stimulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Unstable atoms that can damage lipid membranes, the blood-brain barrier, and DNA, leading to cell death.

A stroke caused by disrupted blood supply, accounting for 87% of strokes.

A condition where a blood clot forms in a blood vessel, causing obstruction.

A blood clot that travels from one location and lodges in a smaller vessel, obstructing blood flow.

Thickening of artery walls usually due to fat deposits, which can lead to reduced blood flow.

A treatment for ischemic stroke that breaks down blood clots, commonly using tissue plasminogen activator.

A type of closed-head injury involving bruises from bleeding under the skull, typically called hematomas.

A closed-head injury characterized by disturbance of consciousness without structural damage to the brain.

80% of Parkinson’s cases have no specific known cause.

5% of cases are inherited and may run in families.

Mutations in SNCA are uncommon but main component of Lewy bodies.

MPTP is converted into MPP+, causing neuron loss in substantia nigra.

Mutations in PRKN occur in early-onset and juvenile cases of Parkinson’s.

Sensory warnings like smell or feeling that precede seizures.

Medications used to treat frequency and severity of seizures.

Progressive development of seizures from repeated brain stimulation.

Characterized by slow movements, tremors, and muscle rigidity.

Loss of dopaminergic neurons leading to Parkinson's symptoms.

Protein clumps found in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's patients.

A medication that increases dopamine levels in Parkinson's treatment.

Surgical treatment targeting specific brain areas like the subthalamic nucleus.

A progressive motor disorder with genetic causes, leading to severe dementia and death within 15 years.

A dominant gene causing Huntington’s Disease; its mutations involve CAG repeat expansions.

Errors in the Huntingtin gene that cause Huntington's and correlate with symptom severity.

An autoimmune disease that causes progressive loss of CNS myelin, leading to neuronal degeneration.

Cells responsible for creating myelin in the central nervous system, affected in Multiple Sclerosis.

Advanced symptoms include visual disturbances, muscle weakness, and loss of coordination.

Both Huntington’s Disease and Multiple Sclerosis worsen over time, leading to serious complications.

Both Huntington’s Disease and Multiple Sclerosis currently have no cure, only treatments to slow progression.

Combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors leading to the disease.

Increased risk of Multiple Sclerosis related to genetics, especially in monozygotic twins.

Factors like climate, infections, and lifestyle that influence Multiple Sclerosis incidence.

Most common form of dementia, typically age-related with specific brain changes.

Stages from preclinical to dementia, each with increasing cognitive decline.

Abnormal aggregates of tau protein found in the brains of Alzheimer's patients.

An experimental model of Multiple Sclerosis achieved through immunization.

Medications primarily used to reduce inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis.

Central Nervous System manages information processing and coordination.

Peripheral Nervous System connects limbs and organs to the CNS.

Glial cells in PNS that promote regeneration and clean debris.

The process where axons reconnect after injury, more common in PNS.

New nerve fibers grow from intact axons near an injury site.

The brain's ability to adapt and reorganize itself after injury or changes.

Cortical areas acquire new functions after retinal lesions or damage.