46 Questions
Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for hemorrhagic stroke?
Age
What is the most common cause associated with intracerebral hemorrhage?
Uncontrolled hypertension
Which diagnostic test is used to determine carotid stenosis?
Carotid doppler (CD)
What is the main difference between subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)?
SAH occurs when blood enters the subarachnoid space, while ICH occurs when bleeding occurs in the brain parenchyma itself.
What is the approximate number of neurons destroyed for every minute of delayed stroke treatment?
1.9 million neurons
Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for hemorrhagic stroke?
Heavy alcohol consumption
What is the most common cause associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)?
Rupture of an intracerebral aneurysm
Which of the following is a focal symptom of stroke?
Inability to speak or difficulty understanding speech
What is the leading cause of adult disability in the U.S.?
Ischemic stroke
What percentage of strokes in the U.S. are estimated to be ischemic?
70%
What is the approximate annual incidence of new or recurrent strokes in the U.S.?
795,000
What is the estimated percentage of adults over 45 in the U.S. reporting at least one stroke symptom?
20%
What is the annual cost of stroke in the U.S.?
$40 million
What is the leading cause of death in the U.S.?
Ischemic stroke
Which type of ischemic stroke primarily results from atherosclerosis in major cerebral arteries or the carotid artery?
Large vessel thrombotic stroke
What is the term for cerebral ischemia of unknown origin, diagnosed in the absence of atherogenic and thrombogenic medical history?
Cryptogenic stroke
Which risk factor for ischemic stroke is non-modifiable?
Age
What accounts for approximately 50% of ischemic strokes and is often associated with chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) and other sources of cerebral embolism?
Cardioembolic stroke
Which type of ischemic stroke involves occlusion of small arteries in the brain and presents with specific clinical syndromes?
Small vessel thrombotic stroke
What is the term for transient symptoms without evidence of infarction, often preceding ischemic strokes and serving as a strong risk factor for stroke?
Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
What is the leading cause of adult disability in the U.S.?
Ischemic stroke
What percentage of strokes in the U.S. are ischemic?
87%
What is the annual incidence of new or recurrent strokes in the U.S.?
795,000
What is another term for cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?
Stroke
What percentage of adults over 45 report experiencing at least one stroke symptom?
20%
What is the annual cost of stroke in the U.S.?
$40 billion
Which type of stroke primarily results from atherosclerosis in major cerebral arteries or the carotid artery?
Large vessel thrombotic stroke
What is the primary cause of ischemic stroke?
Atherosclerosis
Which condition is characterized by transient symptoms without evidence of infarction, often preceding ischemic strokes?
Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
What accounts for approximately 50% of ischemic strokes and is often associated with chronic atrial fibrillation?
Cardioembolic stroke
Which type of stroke refers to cerebral ischemia of unknown origin and is diagnosed in the absence of atherogenic and thrombogenic medical history?
Cryptogenic stroke
What are the non-modifiable risk factors for ischemic stroke?
Age, race/ethnicity, and sex
What is the leading cause of adult disability in the U.S.?
Ischemic stroke
What is the approximate annual incidence of new or recurrent strokes in the U.S.?
795,000
What is another term for cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?
Ischemic stroke
What percentage of adults over 45 in the U.S. report experiencing at least one stroke symptom?
20%
What is the annual cost of stroke in the U.S.?
$40 million
Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for hemorrhagic stroke?
Age
What is the most common cause associated with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)?
Uncontrolled hypertension
What is the term for transient symptoms without evidence of infarction, often preceding ischemic strokes and serving as a strong risk factor for stroke?
Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
What is the approximate annual incidence of new or recurrent strokes in the U.S.?
1.5 million
Which of the following is a focal symptom of stroke?
Weakness, numbness, paralysis on one side of the body
Which type of stroke involves occlusion of small arteries in the brain and presents with specific clinical syndromes?
Large vessel thrombotic stroke
What is the primary cause of ischemic stroke?
Atrial fibrillation
What accounts for approximately 50% of ischemic strokes and is often associated with chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) and other sources of cerebral embolism?
Small vessel thrombotic stroke
What is the term for cerebral ischemia of unknown origin and is diagnosed in the absence of atherogenic and thrombogenic medical history?
Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
Study Notes
Ischemic Stroke Overview
- Ischemic stroke results from the occlusion of a cerebral artery, with various risk factors including previous transient ischemic attacks (TIAs).
- Non-modifiable risk factors for ischemic stroke include age, race/ethnicity, and sex, while modifiable risk factors include cigarette smoking, hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), and atrial fibrillation (AF).
- Ischemic stroke is caused by the occlusion of a cerebral artery due to atherosclerosis, small artery damage, or cardiogenic emboli, which disrupts cerebral autoregulation and leads to ischemic penumbra and subsequent cellular damage.
- The pathophysiology of ischemic stroke involves hypoperfusion, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and cellular necrosis, leading to brain damage, disability, and potentially death.
- Ischemic stroke can be classified into large vessel thrombotic stroke, small vessel thrombotic stroke (lacunar stroke), cardioembolic stroke, and cryptogenic stroke (embolic stroke of undetermined source - ESUS).
- Large vessel thrombotic stroke primarily results from atherosclerosis in major cerebral arteries or the carotid artery, while small vessel thrombotic stroke involves occlusion of small arteries in the brain and presents with specific clinical syndromes.
- Cardioembolic stroke accounts for approximately 50% of ischemic strokes and is often associated with chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) and other sources of cerebral embolism.
- Cryptogenic stroke, also known as ESUS, refers to cerebral ischemia of unknown origin and is diagnosed in the absence of atherogenic and thrombogenic medical history.
- Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is characterized by transient symptoms without evidence of infarction, often preceding ischemic strokes and serving as a strong risk factor for stroke.
- Post-hospitalization rehabilitation and nursing home care for ischemic stroke patients can be expensive, and the condition can lead to various neurological symptoms and deficits, including aphasia, hemiplegia, sensory loss, hemineglect, and vertigo.
- The classification of ischemic stroke includes mechanisms, brain territory involvement, and symptoms, with specific manifestations related to anterior cerebral artery (ACA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) territories.
- Symptom terminology review for ischemic stroke includes definitions of aphasia, contralateral, dysarthria, hemiparesis, hemiplegia, homonymous hemianopia, monoparesis, and vertigo, among others.
Ischemic Stroke Overview
- Ischemic stroke results from the occlusion of a cerebral artery, with various risk factors including previous transient ischemic attacks (TIAs).
- Non-modifiable risk factors for ischemic stroke include age, race/ethnicity, and sex, while modifiable risk factors include cigarette smoking, hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), and atrial fibrillation (AF).
- Ischemic stroke is caused by the occlusion of a cerebral artery due to atherosclerosis, small artery damage, or cardiogenic emboli, which disrupts cerebral autoregulation and leads to ischemic penumbra and subsequent cellular damage.
- The pathophysiology of ischemic stroke involves hypoperfusion, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and cellular necrosis, leading to brain damage, disability, and potentially death.
- Ischemic stroke can be classified into large vessel thrombotic stroke, small vessel thrombotic stroke (lacunar stroke), cardioembolic stroke, and cryptogenic stroke (embolic stroke of undetermined source - ESUS).
- Large vessel thrombotic stroke primarily results from atherosclerosis in major cerebral arteries or the carotid artery, while small vessel thrombotic stroke involves occlusion of small arteries in the brain and presents with specific clinical syndromes.
- Cardioembolic stroke accounts for approximately 50% of ischemic strokes and is often associated with chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) and other sources of cerebral embolism.
- Cryptogenic stroke, also known as ESUS, refers to cerebral ischemia of unknown origin and is diagnosed in the absence of atherogenic and thrombogenic medical history.
- Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is characterized by transient symptoms without evidence of infarction, often preceding ischemic strokes and serving as a strong risk factor for stroke.
- Post-hospitalization rehabilitation and nursing home care for ischemic stroke patients can be expensive, and the condition can lead to various neurological symptoms and deficits, including aphasia, hemiplegia, sensory loss, hemineglect, and vertigo.
- The classification of ischemic stroke includes mechanisms, brain territory involvement, and symptoms, with specific manifestations related to anterior cerebral artery (ACA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) territories.
- Symptom terminology review for ischemic stroke includes definitions of aphasia, contralateral, dysarthria, hemiparesis, hemiplegia, homonymous hemianopia, monoparesis, and vertigo, among others.
Test your knowledge of ischemic stroke with this overview quiz. Explore risk factors, pathophysiology, classifications, and symptoms of ischemic stroke, including its various clinical syndromes and associated neurological deficits.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
