Neurological Disorders Quiz

Study Notes

A degenerative brain disease causing memory loss and cognitive decline
Most common form of dementia (60-80% of cases)
Characterized by:
- Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain
- Death of brain cells, leading to brain shrinkage
Symptoms:
- Memory loss, confusion, and difficulty with communication
- Mood changes, personality changes, and behavioral problems
No cure, but treatments available to manage symptoms

A neurodegenerative disorder affecting movement and motor control
Characterized by:
- Death of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain
- Formation of Lewy bodies (abnormal protein clumps)
Symptoms:
- Tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia (slow movement), and postural instability
- Difficulty with balance, coordination, and walking
No cure, but treatments available to manage symptoms

A chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system
Characterized by:
- Immune system attacks and damages myelin (protective coating) around nerve fibers
- Scarring and inflammation leading to communication disruptions between brain and body
Symptoms:
- Vision problems, muscle weakness, numbness, and tingling
- Fatigue, balance problems, and cognitive difficulties
No cure, but treatments available to manage symptoms and slow disease progression

A neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures
Causes:
- Abnormal electrical activity in the brain
- Genetic predisposition, head trauma, infection, or unknown
Symptoms:
- Seizures, which can vary in severity and impact
- Confusion, drowsiness, and fatigue following seizures
Treatment:
- Medications to control seizures, surgery in some cases

A medical emergency occurring when blood flow to the brain is blocked or reduced
Causes:
- Blockage of a blood vessel (ischemic stroke) or rupture of a blood vessel (hemorrhagic stroke)
Symptoms:
- Sudden weakness, numbness, or paralysis of the face, arm, or leg
- Sudden difficulty speaking, understanding speech, or swallowing
Treatment:
- Immediate medical attention, including medication and surgery

Conditions in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and damages the nervous system
Examples:
- Multiple sclerosis (MS)
- Guillain-Barré syndrome
- Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)
- Myasthenia gravis
Symptoms:
- Vary depending on the specific disorder and affected nerve cells
- Can include muscle weakness, numbness, tingling, and vision problems