Neurological Disorders and Conditions

Sensory Disorders

• Anosmia: inability to smell or identify correct scents
• Ageusia: loss of taste functions, inability to detect sweetness, sourness, bitterness, saltiness, and umami

Visual Defects

• Blindness: loss of vision, damage to optic nerve
• Anopsias: visual defect, damage to visual pathway
• Strabismus: constant malalignment of the eye from its axis
• Nystagmus: rapid involuntary rhythmic eye movement
• Absence of Corneal Reflex: may indicate deep lesion in the parietal lobe

Cranial Nerve Disorders

• Tic Douloureux (Trigeminal Neuralgia): severe, stabbing pain to one side of the face
• Bell's Palsy: condition in which muscles on one side of the face become weak or paralyzed

Muscular Disorders

• Torticollis (Wry Neck): asymmetrical head or neck position
• Asymmetric Muscle Contraction: paralysis of muscle weakness due to neck injury or torticollis

Sensory Processing Disorders

• Agnosia: inability to process sensory information
• Anesthesia: absence of touch sensation (numbness)
• Hyperesthesia: increased sensitivity to touch
• Hypoesthesia: decreased sensitivity to touch
• Paresthesia: needle-like sensation
• Analgesia: absence of pain reaction
• Hypalgesia: decreased sensitivity to pain
• Hyperalgesia: increased sensitivity to pain

Visual Defects

• Anopsia: a visual defect caused by damage to the visual pathway

Eye Abnormalities

• Strabismus: constant malalignment of the eye from its axis
• Nystagmus: rapid involuntary rhythmic eye movement

Cranial Nerve Abnormalities

• Absence of corneal reflex: may indicate deep lesion in the parietal lobe
• Tic douloureux (trigeminal neuralgia): severe, stabbing pain to one side of the face

Taste and Sensory Disorders

• Ageusia: loss of taste functions of the tongue or the inability to detect sweetness, sourness, bitterness, saltiness, and umami
• Agnosia: inability to process sensory information

Muscle Weakness and Coordination Disorders

• Torticollis: asymmetrical head or neck position
• Asymmetric muscle contraction: paralysis of muscle weakness due to neck injury or torticollis
• Sensory ataxia: lack of coordination of voluntary movement

Touch and Pain Sensitivity Disorders

• Anesthesia: absence of touch sensation (numbness)
• Hypoesthesia: decreased sensitivity to touch
• Paresthesia: needle-like sensation
• Analgesia: absence of pain reaction
• Hypalgesia: decreased sensitivity to pain
• Hyperalgesia: increased sensitivity to pain