32 Questions
What is a key component of managing spasticity in physical therapy?
Cryotherapy
Which muscles are typically stronger in spasticity, according to the text?
Shoulder adductors
What is a common method to enhance the reduction of spasticity for minutes or hours only?
Topical cold or hydrotherapy
Which strategy is considered useful for both behavioral modification and vocational rehabilitation?
Vocational rehabilitation counselor
How should physical therapists respond in managing spasticity?
By recognizing contributing factors and responding appropriately
What method can be used to ensure successful completion of daily activities in energy conservation?
Modifying task or environment
What is a recommended strategy to improve swallowing aside from ES?
Use of a straw for drinking thick liquids
Which intervention is necessary for patients with severe dysphagia?
Percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy (PEG)
What is a compensatory strategy for memory deficits mentioned in the text?
Using cueing devices like an alarm clock
Which treatment option is used for acute disease relapses according to the text?
Corticosteroid therapy (methylprednisolone)
What should a neuropsychologist do in the rehabilitation process?
Determine the patient's strengths and weaknesses
How does thermal-tactile stimulation (TTS) contribute to improving swallowing?
By improving the pharyngeal phase of swallowing
What is a common impairment in patients with MS related to locomotor training?
Balance issues
What is a primary focus of physical therapy intervention for patients with MS?
Maintaining stable base of support
What is a key component of a well-designed exercise program for tone management in patients with MS?
Strengthening exercises
Which of the following is a common later issue faced by patients with MS?
Ataxia
What is a significant benefit reported in patients with MS using locomotor training and body weight support?
Increase in muscle strength
Why is maintaining a stable base of support important in physical therapy intervention for MS patients?
To ensure proper weight transfer
What is the purpose of plasmapheresis (plasma exchange) in multiple sclerosis treatment?
To enhance recovery from an acute relapse in patients unresponsive to steroids
What is the primary function of synthetic interferon drugs in multiple sclerosis treatment?
Blocking activated T cells from crossing the blood-brain barrier
Which drug is a promising agent for treating primary progressive MS by depleting B cells from circulation?
Ocrelizumab
Which type of multiple sclerosis is plasmapheresis NOT recommended for?
PPMS
What is the mechanism of action of interferons in multiple sclerosis treatment?
Slowing down the immune system response
Which medication is a synthetic form of a naturally occurring human chemical for multiple sclerosis treatment?
Glatiramer acetate
What is the most common and debilitating symptom in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
Fatigue
What is the hallmark symptom of Uhthoff Phenomenon in MS patients?
Blurred vision
Which type of fatigue in MS patients is associated with constant exhaustion and worsened function or vision?
Central fatigue
What is the prevalence of lower extremity spasticity compared to upper extremity spasticity in MS patients?
Higher prevalence in lower extremities
Which pain type in MS patients is believed to result from plaques in the CNS affecting specific tracts?
Neuropathic pain
What is the primary cause of constipation in MS patients?
Immobility
Which symptom indicates posterior column damage in the spinal cord?
Lhermitte’s sign
What is the most common musculoskeletal pain type experienced by MS patients?
Muscle and ligament strain
Test your knowledge on Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia with symptoms like incomplete eye adduction, nystagmus, and Motor Upper Motor Neuron involvement with features such as paresis, spasticity, and exaggerated reflexes.
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