Neurohormonal Influences on Cardiovascular System
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Questions and Answers

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on heart rate?

  • Variable heart rate
  • Increased heart rate
  • No significant change in heart rate
  • Decreased heart rate (correct)

    • What is the primary function of beta blockers?

  • Suppress beta-adrenergic activity (correct)
  • Increase heart rate
  • Increase force of atrial contraction
  • Increase cardiac output

    • What is the effect of dopamine and epinephrine on cardiac output?

  • No significant change in cardiac output
  • Variable cardiac output
  • Increase cardiac output (correct)
  • Decrease cardiac output

    • What is the primary impact of the vagus nerve on the heart?

    <p>Decrease heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the use of atropine in the critical care setting?

    <p>Increase heart rate in critical bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During exercise, which system has a dominant effect on the heart?

    <p>Sympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of receptors are primarily found on the sinus node and within the myocardium?

    <p>beta-adrenergic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of direct parasympathetic influence on peripheral blood vessels?

    <p>Vasodilation of the bowel, bladder, and genitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of sympathetic stimulation of the alpha-adrenergic receptors on peripheral blood vessels?

    <p>vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a heart transplant patient, what is the primary mechanism by which sympathetic influence affects the heart?

    <p>Catecholamine stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of epinephrine in the body during exercise?

    <p>it increases heart rate and contractility as part of the normal exercise response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the coronary arteries?

    <p>dilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines myocardial oxygen demand?

    <p>Energy cost to the myocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system in the heart?

    <p>it decreases heart rate and contractility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do patients with a denervated heart following transplantation have elevated resting heart rates?

    <p>To achieve normal cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which the autonomic nervous system regulates heart rate and contractility?

    <p>Sympathetic nerve stimulation of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which the autonomic nervous system influences the heart and blood vessels?

    <p>both direct neural and indirect neurohormonal mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the balance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand critical for?

    <p>Preventing cardiac ischemia and infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

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