Neurohormonal Influences on Cardiovascular System

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What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on heart rate?

Variable heart rate
Increased heart rate
No significant change in heart rate
Decreased heart rate (correct)

What is the primary function of beta blockers?

Suppress beta-adrenergic activity (correct)
Increase heart rate
Increase force of atrial contraction
Increase cardiac output

What is the effect of dopamine and epinephrine on cardiac output?

No significant change in cardiac output
Variable cardiac output
Increase cardiac output (correct)
Decrease cardiac output

What is the primary impact of the vagus nerve on the heart?

Decrease heart rate (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the use of atropine in the critical care setting?

Increase heart rate in critical bradycardia (B) Signup and view all the answers

During exercise, which system has a dominant effect on the heart?

Sympathetic nervous system (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of receptors are primarily found on the sinus node and within the myocardium?

beta-adrenergic receptors (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of direct parasympathetic influence on peripheral blood vessels?

Vasodilation of the bowel, bladder, and genitals (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of sympathetic stimulation of the alpha-adrenergic receptors on peripheral blood vessels?

vasoconstriction (B) Signup and view all the answers

In a heart transplant patient, what is the primary mechanism by which sympathetic influence affects the heart?

Catecholamine stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of epinephrine in the body during exercise?

it increases heart rate and contractility as part of the normal exercise response (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the coronary arteries?

dilation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines myocardial oxygen demand?

Energy cost to the myocardium (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system in the heart?

it decreases heart rate and contractility (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why do patients with a denervated heart following transplantation have elevated resting heart rates?

To achieve normal cardiac output (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the autonomic nervous system regulates heart rate and contractility?

Sympathetic nerve stimulation of the heart (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which the autonomic nervous system influences the heart and blood vessels?

both direct neural and indirect neurohormonal mechanisms (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the balance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand critical for?

Preventing cardiac ischemia and infarction (A) Signup and view all the answers