18 Questions
What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on heart rate?
Decreased heart rate
What is the primary function of beta blockers?
Suppress beta-adrenergic activity
What is the effect of dopamine and epinephrine on cardiac output?
Increase cardiac output
What is the primary impact of the vagus nerve on the heart?
Decrease heart rate
What is the use of atropine in the critical care setting?
Increase heart rate in critical bradycardia
During exercise, which system has a dominant effect on the heart?
Sympathetic nervous system
What type of receptors are primarily found on the sinus node and within the myocardium?
beta-adrenergic receptors
What is the primary effect of direct parasympathetic influence on peripheral blood vessels?
Vasodilation of the bowel, bladder, and genitals
What is the result of sympathetic stimulation of the alpha-adrenergic receptors on peripheral blood vessels?
vasoconstriction
In a heart transplant patient, what is the primary mechanism by which sympathetic influence affects the heart?
Catecholamine stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors
What is the role of epinephrine in the body during exercise?
it increases heart rate and contractility as part of the normal exercise response
What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the coronary arteries?
dilation
What is the primary factor that determines myocardial oxygen demand?
Energy cost to the myocardium
What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system in the heart?
it decreases heart rate and contractility
Why do patients with a denervated heart following transplantation have elevated resting heart rates?
To achieve normal cardiac output
What is the primary mechanism by which the autonomic nervous system regulates heart rate and contractility?
Sympathetic nerve stimulation of the heart
What is the mechanism by which the autonomic nervous system influences the heart and blood vessels?
both direct neural and indirect neurohormonal mechanisms
What is the balance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand critical for?
Preventing cardiac ischemia and infarction
This quiz covers the autonomic nervous system's influence on the heart and blood vessels through neural and neurohormonal mechanisms. It explores the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems' role in the heart's functioning.
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