37 Questions
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell?
Olfactory
Which part of the spinal nerve carries sensory information into the spinal cord?
Dorsal root
Which structure contains cell bodies of sensory neurons?
Dorsal root ganglion
Which part of the spinal nerve carries impulses to skeletal muscles?
Ventral root
Which type of cranial nerve is responsible for carrying sensory information to the face and scalp?
Trigeminal
Which cranial nerve is responsible for carrying motor information to the muscles of facial expressions?
Facial
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of vision?
Optic
Which part of the spinal cord contains collections of nerve cell bodies?
Gray matter
Which part of the spinal cord carries motor information from the brain?
White matter
Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating muscle contractions and maintaining posture?
Cerebellum
Which part of the brain contains 75% of the neuron cell bodies in the nervous system?
Cerebral cortex
Which part of the brain is critical for relaying sensory information and regulating homeostatic mechanisms?
Thalamus
Which part of the brainstem connects the brain with the spinal cord and controls vital functions like heart rate and breathing?
Medulla oblongata
Which part of the brain is responsible for voluntary motor function and memory?
Motor areas
Which part of the CNS acts as a shock absorber for the central nervous system?
Cerebrospinal fluid
Which part of the spinal cord contains motor neurons that stimulate skeletal muscles?
Ventral horn
What is the function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?
Form myelin around large axons
What is the role of oligodendrocytes?
Form myelin within the CNS
What is the function of microglia?
Responsible for phagocytosis of bacterial cells and cellular debris
What is the role of ependymal cells?
Line the ventricle chambers of the brain
How is resting membrane potential maintained?
By unequal distribution of ions and specific ion channels
What causes hyperpolarization or depolarization in nerve cells and muscle cells?
Changes in resting potential
How do myelinated fibers accelerate the impulse rate?
Through the jumping of action potentials between nodes of Ranvier
What is the function of neuroglial cells in the nervous system?
Produce myelin and provide structural support to the CNS
Which type of nervous tissue carries nerve impulses away from the cell body?
Axon
What is the main function of the autonomic nervous system?
Sending information to involuntary muscles & glands
What is the role of sensory receptors in the nervous system?
Continuously monitoring internal & external environment
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for sending information to voluntary muscles?
Somatic Nervous System
What are the general functions of the nervous system?
Sensory functions, integrative functions, motor functions
What is the role of dendrites in nerve cells?
Carry nerve impulses (action potentials) towards the cell body
What is the function of the somatic nervous system?
Sending information to voluntary muscle
What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?
Sending information to involuntary muscles & glands
What is the function of neuroglial cells?
Give structural support to CNS, produce myelin, and carry on phagocytosis
What is the main function of sensory receptors in the nervous system?
Continuously monitoring internal & external environment, and relaying information to the CNS for interpretation
What is the role of dendrites in a neuron?
Carry nerve impulses (action potentials) towards the cell body
What is the function of the axon in a neuron?
Carry nerve impulses away from the cell body
What is the main function of the central nervous system (CNS)?
Nervous tissue found making up the brain & spinal cord
Study Notes
Neuroglia and Neuron Function Summary
- Schwann cells surround large axons in the peripheral nervous system and form myelin, while smaller axons are unmyelinated and enclosed in Schwann cells without multiple layers.
- Astrocytes provide structural support and remove cellular debris, contributing to scar tissue formation after CNS injuries.
- Oligodendrocytes form myelin within the CNS.
- Microglia are responsible for phagocytosis of bacterial cells and cellular debris.
- Ependymal cells line the ventricle chambers of the brain.
- Neurons are classified based on structure (bipolar, unipolar, multipolar) and function (sensory, interneurons, motor).
- Resting membrane potential is the measurable difference in charge across a neuron's membrane, maintained by unequal distribution of ions and specific ion channels.
- Resting membrane potential is established and maintained by unequal permeability for sodium and potassium, and active transport pumping ratio of 3:2 for sodium and potassium ions.
- Nerve cells and muscle cells exhibit excitability and can respond to stimuli, with changes in resting potential causing hyperpolarization or depolarization.
- Threshold stimuli lead to the generation of an action potential, with events including the opening of gated Na+ channels, Na+ diffusion, and repolarization through K+ diffusion.
- Nerve impulses propagate action potentials along a nerve fiber, with myelinated fibers accelerating the impulse rate through the jumping of action potentials between nodes of Ranvier.
- Synapses are junctions between neurons, where synaptic transmission occurs through the release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles and their attachment to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane.
Test your knowledge of neuroglia and neuron function with this summary quiz. Explore the roles of Schwann cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells, as well as the classification of neurons based on structure and function. Dive into the resting membrane potential, excitability of nerve and muscle cells, generation and propagation of action potentials, and synaptic transmission.
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