Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell?
- Trigeminal
- Olfactory (correct)
- Glossopharyngeal
- Vestibulocochlear
Which part of the spinal nerve carries sensory information into the spinal cord?
Which part of the spinal nerve carries sensory information into the spinal cord?
- Ventral root
- Ventral horn
- Dorsal root (correct)
- Dorsal root ganglion
Which structure contains cell bodies of sensory neurons?
Which structure contains cell bodies of sensory neurons?
- Ventral horn
- Ventral root
- White matter
- Dorsal root ganglion (correct)
Which part of the spinal nerve carries impulses to skeletal muscles?
Which part of the spinal nerve carries impulses to skeletal muscles?
Which type of cranial nerve is responsible for carrying sensory information to the face and scalp?
Which type of cranial nerve is responsible for carrying sensory information to the face and scalp?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for carrying motor information to the muscles of facial expressions?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for carrying motor information to the muscles of facial expressions?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of vision?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of vision?
Which part of the spinal cord contains collections of nerve cell bodies?
Which part of the spinal cord contains collections of nerve cell bodies?
Which part of the spinal cord carries motor information from the brain?
Which part of the spinal cord carries motor information from the brain?
Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating muscle contractions and maintaining posture?
Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating muscle contractions and maintaining posture?
Which part of the brain contains 75% of the neuron cell bodies in the nervous system?
Which part of the brain contains 75% of the neuron cell bodies in the nervous system?
Which part of the brain is critical for relaying sensory information and regulating homeostatic mechanisms?
Which part of the brain is critical for relaying sensory information and regulating homeostatic mechanisms?
Which part of the brainstem connects the brain with the spinal cord and controls vital functions like heart rate and breathing?
Which part of the brainstem connects the brain with the spinal cord and controls vital functions like heart rate and breathing?
Which part of the brain is responsible for voluntary motor function and memory?
Which part of the brain is responsible for voluntary motor function and memory?
Which part of the CNS acts as a shock absorber for the central nervous system?
Which part of the CNS acts as a shock absorber for the central nervous system?
Which part of the spinal cord contains motor neurons that stimulate skeletal muscles?
Which part of the spinal cord contains motor neurons that stimulate skeletal muscles?
What is the function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?
What is the function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?
What is the role of oligodendrocytes?
What is the role of oligodendrocytes?
What is the function of microglia?
What is the function of microglia?
What is the role of ependymal cells?
What is the role of ependymal cells?
How is resting membrane potential maintained?
How is resting membrane potential maintained?
What causes hyperpolarization or depolarization in nerve cells and muscle cells?
What causes hyperpolarization or depolarization in nerve cells and muscle cells?
How do myelinated fibers accelerate the impulse rate?
How do myelinated fibers accelerate the impulse rate?
What is the function of neuroglial cells in the nervous system?
What is the function of neuroglial cells in the nervous system?
Which type of nervous tissue carries nerve impulses away from the cell body?
Which type of nervous tissue carries nerve impulses away from the cell body?
What is the main function of the autonomic nervous system?
What is the main function of the autonomic nervous system?
What is the role of sensory receptors in the nervous system?
What is the role of sensory receptors in the nervous system?
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for sending information to voluntary muscles?
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for sending information to voluntary muscles?
What are the general functions of the nervous system?
What are the general functions of the nervous system?
What is the role of dendrites in nerve cells?
What is the role of dendrites in nerve cells?
What is the function of the somatic nervous system?
What is the function of the somatic nervous system?
What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?
What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?
What is the function of neuroglial cells?
What is the function of neuroglial cells?
What is the main function of sensory receptors in the nervous system?
What is the main function of sensory receptors in the nervous system?
What is the role of dendrites in a neuron?
What is the role of dendrites in a neuron?
What is the function of the axon in a neuron?
What is the function of the axon in a neuron?
What is the main function of the central nervous system (CNS)?
What is the main function of the central nervous system (CNS)?
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Study Notes
Neuroglia and Neuron Function Summary
- Schwann cells surround large axons in the peripheral nervous system and form myelin, while smaller axons are unmyelinated and enclosed in Schwann cells without multiple layers.
- Astrocytes provide structural support and remove cellular debris, contributing to scar tissue formation after CNS injuries.
- Oligodendrocytes form myelin within the CNS.
- Microglia are responsible for phagocytosis of bacterial cells and cellular debris.
- Ependymal cells line the ventricle chambers of the brain.
- Neurons are classified based on structure (bipolar, unipolar, multipolar) and function (sensory, interneurons, motor).
- Resting membrane potential is the measurable difference in charge across a neuron's membrane, maintained by unequal distribution of ions and specific ion channels.
- Resting membrane potential is established and maintained by unequal permeability for sodium and potassium, and active transport pumping ratio of 3:2 for sodium and potassium ions.
- Nerve cells and muscle cells exhibit excitability and can respond to stimuli, with changes in resting potential causing hyperpolarization or depolarization.
- Threshold stimuli lead to the generation of an action potential, with events including the opening of gated Na+ channels, Na+ diffusion, and repolarization through K+ diffusion.
- Nerve impulses propagate action potentials along a nerve fiber, with myelinated fibers accelerating the impulse rate through the jumping of action potentials between nodes of Ranvier.
- Synapses are junctions between neurons, where synaptic transmission occurs through the release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles and their attachment to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane.
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