Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of neuroglia in nervous tissue?
What is the primary role of neuroglia in nervous tissue?
- To provide structural support and maintain the health of neurons. (correct)
- To initiate voluntary muscle movements.
- To transmit nerve impulses throughout the body.
- To process sensory information in the brain.
Which neuronal structure is responsible for receiving signals from other neurons?
Which neuronal structure is responsible for receiving signals from other neurons?
- Myelin sheath
- Cell body
- Axon
- Dendrites (correct)
What is the function of the myelin sheath that surrounds the axon of a neuron?
What is the function of the myelin sheath that surrounds the axon of a neuron?
- To protect the dendrites from damage.
- To increase the speed of impulse transmission. (correct)
- To store synaptic vesicles.
- To generate neurotransmitters.
At a synapse, how is a nerve impulse transmitted from one neuron to the next?
At a synapse, how is a nerve impulse transmitted from one neuron to the next?
Which division of the nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord?
Which division of the nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord?
Sensory neurons are responsible for which function in the nervous system?
Sensory neurons are responsible for which function in the nervous system?
Motor neurons transmit signals to which type of tissue?
Motor neurons transmit signals to which type of tissue?
The 'processing and interpreting' function of the nervous system primarily involves:
The 'processing and interpreting' function of the nervous system primarily involves:
Which of the following is an example of a function controlled by the autonomic nervous system?
Which of the following is an example of a function controlled by the autonomic nervous system?
The somatic nervous system primarily controls:
The somatic nervous system primarily controls:
What is the main function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
What is the main function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Which physiological response is characteristic of the sympathetic nervous system activation?
Which physiological response is characteristic of the sympathetic nervous system activation?
During a stressful situation, which branch of the autonomic nervous system is predominantly active?
During a stressful situation, which branch of the autonomic nervous system is predominantly active?
Which of the following best describes homeostasis in the context of the nervous system?
Which of the following best describes homeostasis in the context of the nervous system?
What type of neurons are responsible for causing an action in response to a nerve impulse, such as muscle contraction?
What type of neurons are responsible for causing an action in response to a nerve impulse, such as muscle contraction?
Rapid breathing during exercise is primarily a response controlled by which part of the nervous system?
Rapid breathing during exercise is primarily a response controlled by which part of the nervous system?
Why does pupil dilation occur as a sympathetic response?
Why does pupil dilation occur as a sympathetic response?
Which of the following best describes the interaction between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
Which of the following best describes the interaction between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
If a person is experiencing slowed digestion, which branch of the autonomic nervous system is likely to be more active?
If a person is experiencing slowed digestion, which branch of the autonomic nervous system is likely to be more active?
Approximately how many neurons are estimated to be in the human brain?
Approximately how many neurons are estimated to be in the human brain?
Flashcards
Neuroglia (glial cells)
Neuroglia (glial cells)
Specialized cells that keep the nervous tissue together, ensuring proper function.
Neurons
Neurons
Unique cells body with extensions that conduct impulses.
Dendrites
Dendrites
The shorter, more numerous receptive surfaces of a neuron.
Axon
Axon
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Myelin Sheath
Myelin Sheath
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Synapses
Synapses
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Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters
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Central Nervous System (CNS)
Central Nervous System (CNS)
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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
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Sensory Function
Sensory Function
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Processing and Interpreting Function
Processing and Interpreting Function
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Motor Function
Motor Function
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Somatic Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System
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Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
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Parasympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
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Sympathetic Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System
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Parasympathetic Responses
Parasympathetic Responses
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Sympathetic Responses
Sympathetic Responses
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Study Notes
- Nervous tissue includes neuroglia and neurons
Neuroglia (Glia Cells)
- Specialized cells that maintain nervous tissue and proper nerve function
Neurons
- Unique cells with a cell body and extensions, also known as nerve fibers, that conduct impulses
- Two types of processes: dendrites and axons
- Shorter, more numerous dendrites along with the cell body form the receptive surfaces of neurons
- Single, long axons conduct impulses away from the cell body
- Axons are covered by a myelin sheath
- The myelin sheath helps to send impulses
- The end of axons have many fine branches
- Neurons connect via synapses where impulses pass from one neuron to another
- Chemicals called neurotransmitters are released from the axon to aid in sending impulses
- Neurotransmitters can excite or inhibit the neuron receiving the chemicals
- There are approximately 100 billion neurons in the human brain
- The spinal cord contains roughly 1 billion neurons
- Each neuron contains between 1,000 to 10,000 synapses
Organization of the Nervous System
- The nervous system divides into two parts: The Central Nervous System (CNS) and The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord
- The PNS consists of the nerves outside of the spinal cord
Three Basic Functions of the Nervous System
- Sensory function gathers information about changes inside/outside the body using sensory receptors
- Sensory receptors send nerve impulses to the CNS
- Input signals are sent via sensory neurons
- Processing and interpreting function integrates information to create sensations, thoughts, and memories
- Motor function responds to signals and impulses
- Motor function aims to maintain stable conditions for homeostasis
- Output signals are sent via motor neurons
- The motor system is part of the peripheral nervous system
Motor System Branches
- This system comprises two different branches: the Somatic Nervous System and the Autonomic Nervous System
- The Somatic Nervous System controls skeletal muscles and voluntary movement
- The Autonomic Nervous System controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and some endocrine glands
- The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) controls involuntary muscles, such as smooth muscle in blood vessels and cardiac muscle
- Hormone-releasing glands are controlled by the autonomic nervous system
Autonomic Nervous System Branches
- The parasympathetic nervous system controls normal body functioning and homeostasis
- The sympathetic nervous system controls the "fight or flight" response like an adrenaline rush
Physiological Responses to the Autonomic Nervous System
- Sympathetic responses include fast heart rate, increased blood pressure, rapid breathing, slowed digestion, intense sweating, pupil dilation, and increased alertness
- Parasympathetic responses include decreased heart rate, decreased blood pressure, decreased respirations, increased digestion with salivation, decreased sweating and pupil constriction
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