Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which glial cell type is derived from the neuroepithelium?
Which glial cell type is derived from the neuroepithelium?
Which glial cell type is related to macrophages and derived from the mesoderm?
Which glial cell type is related to macrophages and derived from the mesoderm?
Which glial cell type is responsible for myelination in the CNS?
Which glial cell type is responsible for myelination in the CNS?
Which glial cell type is responsible for myelination in the PNS?
Which glial cell type is responsible for myelination in the PNS?
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Which glial cell type has star-shaped cell bodies and end-feet that contact capillaries or neurons?
Which glial cell type has star-shaped cell bodies and end-feet that contact capillaries or neurons?
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Which glial cell type contributes to the blood-brain barrier and controls extracellular potassium?
Which glial cell type contributes to the blood-brain barrier and controls extracellular potassium?
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Which part of the nervous system is encased in bone?
Which part of the nervous system is encased in bone?
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Which cell type is destroyed in multiple sclerosis?
Which cell type is destroyed in multiple sclerosis?
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What is the role of myelin basic protein (MBP) in myelin compaction?
What is the role of myelin basic protein (MBP) in myelin compaction?
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Which disease is used as an experimental model of demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis?
Which disease is used as an experimental model of demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis?
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What is the consequence of a deletion mutation of the MBP gene in mice?
What is the consequence of a deletion mutation of the MBP gene in mice?
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Which gene is duplicated in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT)?
Which gene is duplicated in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT)?
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What is the characteristic of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) caused by the duplicated PMP22 gene?
What is the characteristic of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) caused by the duplicated PMP22 gene?
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What is the consequence of transplantation of human oligodendrocyte precursor cells in a mouse model of leukodystrophy?
What is the consequence of transplantation of human oligodendrocyte precursor cells in a mouse model of leukodystrophy?
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What is the main finding regarding the repopulation of the adult mammalian brain by transplanted OPCs?
What is the main finding regarding the repopulation of the adult mammalian brain by transplanted OPCs?
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How can the shiverer mouse phenotype be rescued?
How can the shiverer mouse phenotype be rescued?
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What is the g-ratio crucial for in myelin thickness?
What is the g-ratio crucial for in myelin thickness?
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What was observed in the 1950s using electron microscopy, revealing the composition of compact myelin?
What was observed in the 1950s using electron microscopy, revealing the composition of compact myelin?
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What do proteins associated with compact myelin, such as myelin basic protein (MBP) and proteolipid protein (PLP), play key roles in?
What do proteins associated with compact myelin, such as myelin basic protein (MBP) and proteolipid protein (PLP), play key roles in?
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What is responsible for linking and compacting the extracellular face of the plasma membrane, with evidence suggesting its complex trafficking and regulation?
What is responsible for linking and compacting the extracellular face of the plasma membrane, with evidence suggesting its complex trafficking and regulation?
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What are demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, major risk factors for?
What are demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, major risk factors for?
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What is involved in myelin biogenesis in the CNS?
What is involved in myelin biogenesis in the CNS?
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What is the primary function of astrocytes in relation to neurons?
What is the primary function of astrocytes in relation to neurons?
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Where do oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) originate from?
Where do oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) originate from?
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What directs the migration of OPCs in the developing neural tube?
What directs the migration of OPCs in the developing neural tube?
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What is the role of netrin-1 in the developing neural tube?
What is the role of netrin-1 in the developing neural tube?
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What distinguishes the myelination process in the CNS from the PNS?
What distinguishes the myelination process in the CNS from the PNS?
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What is the function of myelin around axons?
What is the function of myelin around axons?
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Who first described myelin and is known for contributions to social medicine and modern pathology?
Who first described myelin and is known for contributions to social medicine and modern pathology?
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Study Notes
Neuroglia: Myelinating Glia and Their Development
- Astrocytes store glycogen and supply neurons with glucose and lactate, and they remove excess potassium from the extracellular space
- Myelinating glia include oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
- Myelination occurs around axons to provide electrical insulation, and myelin allows for faster conduction of electrical signals
- Myelin was first described in 1854 by Dr. Rudolf Virchow, who is remembered for his contributions to social medicine and modern pathology
- Oligodendrocytes in the CNS myelinate multiple axons simultaneously, while Schwann cells in the PNS wrap around a single axon
- Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in the ventricular zone of the neural tube give rise to oligodendrocytes, while Schwann cells originate from the neural crest
- OPCs migrate and proliferate to populate all myelinated regions of the CNS, and their development involves the establishment of contact with axons and myelin formation
- OPC migration is directed by secreted chemotropic guidance cues such as netrins, which form a ventral to dorsal gradient in the developing neural tube
- Netrins are a family of secreted proteins related to laminins, and they can attract or repel neurons during neural development
- Netrin-1 is made in the floor plate at the ventral midline of the developing neural tube, and it influences cell migration and adhesion through its receptors DCC and UNC5
- OPCs express DCC and UNC5A & B, allowing them to respond to netrin-1 as an attractant or a repellent depending on the cellular context
- Netrins regulate cytoskeletal organization to direct migration and influence cell-substrate and cell-cell adhesion, but much about their signal transduction is still unknown
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Description
Test your knowledge of neuroglia and their role in myelination with this quiz. Explore the functions of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells, and learn about the development and migration of myelinating glia. Delve into the fascinating world of netrins and their influence on cell migration and adhesion in the developing neural tube.
