Ear Discharge in Otorhinolaryngology: Module 10.1
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM)?

  • CSOM is a type of inner ear infection
  • CSOM is an acute infection of the middle ear
  • CSOM is a chronic infection of the middle ear with discharge through a perforation in the eardrum (correct)
  • CSOM is a chronic infection of the outer ear canal

    • What are some complications associated with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM)?

  • Conductive hearing loss (correct)
  • Vision problems
  • Olfactory dysfunction
  • Dental caries

    • Which type of Otitis Media is characterized by a chronic infection of the middle ear without discharge?

  • Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media without perforation
  • Chronic Nonsuppurative Otitis Media (correct)
  • Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM)
  • Acute Otitis Media (AOM)

    • What are some common pathogens associated with Acute Otitis Media (AOM)?

    <p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media and Chronic Nonsuppurative Otitis Media?

    <p>Presence of purulent discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of intracranial infections that can result from direct extension, thrombophlebitis, or hematogenous route?

    <p>Meningitis, brain abscess, lateral sinus thrombosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptoms might a patient with lateral sinus thrombophlebitis present with?

    <p>Intractable headache, neck rigidity, picket fence fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory proposes the transformation of respiratory epithelium into keratinizing squamous epithelium as a cause of cholesteatoma formation?

    <p>Metaplasia theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of eustachian tube blockage in the formation of a retraction pouch according to one of the theories mentioned?

    <p>It causes accumulation of keratin debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cholesteatoma formation theories, what happens due to the presence of perforation according to one of the theories?

    <p>Accumulation of keratinizing squamous mucosa within the middle ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of keratin debris accumulation in a retraction pouch according to one of the theories?

    <p>Negative middle ear pressure resulting from eustachian tube blockage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cholesteatoma?

    <p>A white keratin material in the middle ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is primarily responsible for eating the bone in a cholesteatoma?

    <p>Osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can a central perforation of the tympanic membrane indicate?

    <p>Conductive hearing loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the bony destruction leading to complications in cholesteatoma?

    <p>Keratin debris with osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication can ensue from lateral abscess thrombophlebitis?

    <p>Picket-fence fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What imaging technique would NOT typically show a cholesteatoma?

    <p>X-Ray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of discharge is associated with an unsafe ear perforation?

    <p>Mucopurulent and foul-smelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does a cholesteatoma have on the tympanic membrane?

    <p>Cause perforation within the pars tensa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines whether an ear perforation is safe or unsafe?

    <p>The nature of discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is directly involved in exacerbating CSOM due to its effect on the eustachian tube?

    <p>Adenoid hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is not typically cultured in cases of CSOM?

    <p>Trichomonas vaginalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common complication that occurs when purulent inflammation breaks down the bone?

    <p>Subperiosteal abscess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure bounds the middle ear superiorly?

    <p>Tegmen or roof with the dura of the temporal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from the lysis of the bone over the lateral semicircular canal?

    <p>Vertigo only when straining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What syndrome consists of otorrhea, retro-orbital pain, and lateral rectus palsy?

    <p>Gradenigo’s syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause sensorineural hearing loss by going through the oval and round windows?

    <p>Cholesteatoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a natural pathway for the spread of infection and cholesteatoma?

    <p>Mastoid antrum opening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is usually seen under an operating microscope?

    <p>Middle ear anatomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible complication of subperiosteal abscess in the postauricular area?

    <p>Sagging of the posterior bony canal wall seen in otoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main symptom associated with the stage of exudation in acute otitis media?

    <p>Bulging eardrum with marked otalgia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common sign of mastoiditis according to the text?

    <p>Tender swelling of the post auricular area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the stage of suppuration/perforation, what may be observed in patients with acute otitis media?

    <p>Worsening of hearing loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the complications that may arise from acute otitis media?

    <p>Mastoiditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is acute otitis media classified based on severity?

    <p><strong>Mild to moderate</strong> vs. severe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique can be used to assess the inability of the eardrum to move in certain stages of acute otitis media?

    <p><strong>Pneumatic otoscopy</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of acute otitis media may feature a bulging eardrum with fluid leading to increased pain and hearing loss?

    <p><strong>Stage of exudation</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clue for identifying certain stages of acute otitis media during otoscopy?

    <p><strong>Presence of donut shape</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom would indicate a possible resolution of acute otitis media according to the text?

    <p><strong>Decreased or absent pain</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

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