Ear Discharge in Otorhinolaryngology: Module 10.1
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM)?

  • CSOM is a type of inner ear infection
  • CSOM is an acute infection of the middle ear
  • CSOM is a chronic infection of the middle ear with discharge through a perforation in the eardrum (correct)
  • CSOM is a chronic infection of the outer ear canal

What are some complications associated with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM)?

  • Conductive hearing loss (correct)
  • Vision problems
  • Olfactory dysfunction
  • Dental caries

Which type of Otitis Media is characterized by a chronic infection of the middle ear without discharge?

  • Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media without perforation
  • Chronic Nonsuppurative Otitis Media (correct)
  • Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM)
  • Acute Otitis Media (AOM)

What are some common pathogens associated with Acute Otitis Media (AOM)?

<p>Staphylococcus aureus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media and Chronic Nonsuppurative Otitis Media?

<p>Presence of purulent discharge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of intracranial infections that can result from direct extension, thrombophlebitis, or hematogenous route?

<p>Meningitis, brain abscess, lateral sinus thrombosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptoms might a patient with lateral sinus thrombophlebitis present with?

<p>Intractable headache, neck rigidity, picket fence fever (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory proposes the transformation of respiratory epithelium into keratinizing squamous epithelium as a cause of cholesteatoma formation?

<p>Metaplasia theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of eustachian tube blockage in the formation of a retraction pouch according to one of the theories mentioned?

<p>It causes accumulation of keratin debris (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In cholesteatoma formation theories, what happens due to the presence of perforation according to one of the theories?

<p>Accumulation of keratinizing squamous mucosa within the middle ear (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of keratin debris accumulation in a retraction pouch according to one of the theories?

<p>Negative middle ear pressure resulting from eustachian tube blockage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a cholesteatoma?

<p>A white keratin material in the middle ear (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is primarily responsible for eating the bone in a cholesteatoma?

<p>Osteoclasts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can a central perforation of the tympanic membrane indicate?

<p>Conductive hearing loss (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the bony destruction leading to complications in cholesteatoma?

<p>Keratin debris with osteoclasts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which complication can ensue from lateral abscess thrombophlebitis?

<p>Picket-fence fever (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What imaging technique would NOT typically show a cholesteatoma?

<p>X-Ray (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of discharge is associated with an unsafe ear perforation?

<p>Mucopurulent and foul-smelling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a cholesteatoma have on the tympanic membrane?

<p>Cause perforation within the pars tensa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines whether an ear perforation is safe or unsafe?

<p>The nature of discharge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is directly involved in exacerbating CSOM due to its effect on the eustachian tube?

<p>Adenoid hyperplasia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is not typically cultured in cases of CSOM?

<p>Trichomonas vaginalis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common complication that occurs when purulent inflammation breaks down the bone?

<p>Subperiosteal abscess (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure bounds the middle ear superiorly?

<p>Tegmen or roof with the dura of the temporal lobe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can result from the lysis of the bone over the lateral semicircular canal?

<p>Vertigo only when straining (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What syndrome consists of otorrhea, retro-orbital pain, and lateral rectus palsy?

<p>Gradenigo’s syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause sensorineural hearing loss by going through the oval and round windows?

<p>Cholesteatoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a natural pathway for the spread of infection and cholesteatoma?

<p>Mastoid antrum opening (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure is usually seen under an operating microscope?

<p>Middle ear anatomy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible complication of subperiosteal abscess in the postauricular area?

<p>Sagging of the posterior bony canal wall seen in otoscopy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main symptom associated with the stage of exudation in acute otitis media?

<p>Bulging eardrum with marked otalgia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign of mastoiditis according to the text?

<p>Tender swelling of the post auricular area (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the stage of suppuration/perforation, what may be observed in patients with acute otitis media?

<p>Worsening of hearing loss (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the complications that may arise from acute otitis media?

<p>Mastoiditis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is acute otitis media classified based on severity?

<p><strong>Mild to moderate</strong> vs. severe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technique can be used to assess the inability of the eardrum to move in certain stages of acute otitis media?

<p><strong>Pneumatic otoscopy</strong> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of acute otitis media may feature a bulging eardrum with fluid leading to increased pain and hearing loss?

<p><strong>Stage of exudation</strong> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clue for identifying certain stages of acute otitis media during otoscopy?

<p><strong>Presence of donut shape</strong> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom would indicate a possible resolution of acute otitis media according to the text?

<p><strong>Decreased or absent pain</strong> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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