39 Questions
What is the definition of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM)?
CSOM is a chronic infection of the middle ear with discharge through a perforation in the eardrum
What are some complications associated with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM)?
Conductive hearing loss
Which type of Otitis Media is characterized by a chronic infection of the middle ear without discharge?
Chronic Nonsuppurative Otitis Media
What are some common pathogens associated with Acute Otitis Media (AOM)?
Staphylococcus aureus
What is the main difference between Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media and Chronic Nonsuppurative Otitis Media?
Presence of purulent discharge
What are examples of intracranial infections that can result from direct extension, thrombophlebitis, or hematogenous route?
Meningitis, brain abscess, lateral sinus thrombosis
What symptoms might a patient with lateral sinus thrombophlebitis present with?
Intractable headache, neck rigidity, picket fence fever
Which theory proposes the transformation of respiratory epithelium into keratinizing squamous epithelium as a cause of cholesteatoma formation?
Metaplasia theory
What is the role of eustachian tube blockage in the formation of a retraction pouch according to one of the theories mentioned?
It causes accumulation of keratin debris
In cholesteatoma formation theories, what happens due to the presence of perforation according to one of the theories?
Accumulation of keratinizing squamous mucosa within the middle ear
What is the main cause of keratin debris accumulation in a retraction pouch according to one of the theories?
Negative middle ear pressure resulting from eustachian tube blockage
What is a cholesteatoma?
A white keratin material in the middle ear
Which structure is primarily responsible for eating the bone in a cholesteatoma?
Osteoclasts
What can a central perforation of the tympanic membrane indicate?
Conductive hearing loss
What causes the bony destruction leading to complications in cholesteatoma?
Keratin debris with osteoclasts
Which complication can ensue from lateral abscess thrombophlebitis?
Picket-fence fever
What imaging technique would NOT typically show a cholesteatoma?
X-Ray
What kind of discharge is associated with an unsafe ear perforation?
Mucopurulent and foul-smelling
What effect does a cholesteatoma have on the tympanic membrane?
Cause perforation within the pars tensa
What determines whether an ear perforation is safe or unsafe?
The nature of discharge
Which condition is directly involved in exacerbating CSOM due to its effect on the eustachian tube?
Adenoid hyperplasia
Which organism is not typically cultured in cases of CSOM?
Trichomonas vaginalis
What is the most common complication that occurs when purulent inflammation breaks down the bone?
Subperiosteal abscess
Which structure bounds the middle ear superiorly?
Tegmen or roof with the dura of the temporal lobe
What can result from the lysis of the bone over the lateral semicircular canal?
Vertigo only when straining
What syndrome consists of otorrhea, retro-orbital pain, and lateral rectus palsy?
Gradenigo’s syndrome
What can cause sensorineural hearing loss by going through the oval and round windows?
Cholesteatoma
What is a natural pathway for the spread of infection and cholesteatoma?
Mastoid antrum opening
What structure is usually seen under an operating microscope?
Middle ear anatomy
What is a possible complication of subperiosteal abscess in the postauricular area?
Sagging of the posterior bony canal wall seen in otoscopy
What is the main symptom associated with the stage of exudation in acute otitis media?
Bulging eardrum with marked otalgia
What is a common sign of mastoiditis according to the text?
Tender swelling of the post auricular area
In the stage of suppuration/perforation, what may be observed in patients with acute otitis media?
Worsening of hearing loss
What is one of the complications that may arise from acute otitis media?
Mastoiditis
How is acute otitis media classified based on severity?
Mild to moderate vs. severe
What technique can be used to assess the inability of the eardrum to move in certain stages of acute otitis media?
Pneumatic otoscopy
Which stage of acute otitis media may feature a bulging eardrum with fluid leading to increased pain and hearing loss?
Stage of exudation
What is a common clue for identifying certain stages of acute otitis media during otoscopy?
Presence of donut shape
Which symptom would indicate a possible resolution of acute otitis media according to the text?
Decreased or absent pain
Test your knowledge on Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM), Acute Otitis Media (AOM), associated conditions, complications, treatment options, and more in this module. Learn from Dr. Ramon Rivera, M.D. in this detailed topic outline.
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