Neurodevelopmental Disorders Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of a communication disorder?

  • Difficulty in understanding language only.,
  • Problems with articulation and fluency only.
  • Difficulty in expressing oneself only.
  • Significant impairment in effective communication. (correct)

    • Which of the following aspects is NOT directly involved in 'speech' as part of a communication disorder?

  • Comprehension (correct)
  • Fluency
  • Articulation
  • Voice and Resonance

    • What is the meaning of 'fluency' within the context of speech disorders?

  • The volume and pitch used in speaking.
  • The smoothness and flow of speech, with no interruptions. (correct)
  • The ability to use appropriate grammar and syntax.
  • The clarity and precision of spoken sounds.

    • What is the core characteristic of a Language Disorder as defined in the DSM-5?

    <p>Persistent difficulties in understanding and using language effectively. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common deficit associated with Language Disorder?

    <p>Difficulty controlling facial muscles for speech. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'receptive language' refer to in the context of Language Disorder?

    <p>The ability to understand spoken or written language. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of stating that language abilities are 'substantially and quantifiably below those expected for age' in the definition of Language Disorder?

    <p>The difficulties must be severe enough to impact daily functioning. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential contributing factor to the development of Communication Disorders?

    <p>Exposure to multiple languages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a specifier for diagnosis in neurodevelopmental disorders?

    <p>Previous Symptoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered an adaptive functioning skill?

    <p>Understanding social cues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three domains of functioning that are impacted in Intellectual Developmental Disorder?

    <p>Conceptual, Social, Practical (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of neurodevelopmental disorders?

    <p>They are always severe and require significant support. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the diagnosis of Intellectual Developmental Disorder made?

    <p>Based on clinical assessment and standardized testing of intellectual functioning, adaptive functioning, and neuropsychological tests. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following neurodevelopmental disorders does NOT include severity levels as a specifier for diagnosis?

    <p>Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a specifier related to "Associated Medical or Environmental Factors"?

    <p>With or Without Associated Genetic Condition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between "intellectual skills" and "adaptive functioning" in the context of Intellectual Developmental Disorder?

    <p>Intellectual skills refer to cognitive abilities while adaptive functioning refers to everyday life skills. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Speech Sound Disorder (SSD)?

    <p>Consistent with the child's age or developmental stage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main components involved in speech sound production?

    <p>Phonological knowledge and motor coordination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a phonological knowledge deficit in SSD?

    <p>Saying 'wabbit' instead of 'rabbit' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of motor coordination challenges in SSD?

    <p>Imprecise articulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential impact of SSD on daily life?

    <p>Difficulty with vocabulary acquisition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of speech sound production difficulties that is excluded from the definition of SSD?

    <p>Hearing loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do symptoms of SSD typically begin?

    <p>In early childhood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of SSD?

    <p>Substituting sounds (e.g., saying 'wabbit' for 'rabbit') (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals with moderate intellectual disability typically have what level of academic skills?

    <p>Elementary level, with significant support (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of individuals with mild intellectual disability in the social domain?

    <p>They have difficulty understanding and responding to social cues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the practical domain, individuals with severe intellectual disability typically require:

    <p>Extensive support for personal care, daily activities, and living skills (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals with profound intellectual disability in the conceptual domain are characterized by:

    <p>A limited understanding of even basic academic concepts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of adaptive functioning?

    <p>Physical abilities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does adaptive functioning impact individuals with intellectual disability?

    <p>It affects their ability to function independently and participate socially. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for intellectual deficits to begin during the developmental period?

    <p>It differentiates intellectual disability from other conditions that may develop later in life. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals with mild intellectual disability in the practical domain are typically:

    <p>Able to manage most personal care tasks independently. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (stuttering)?

    <p>Difficulty in making sounds correctly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Speech Sound Disorder (SSD) and Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (stuttering)?

    <p>SSD affects the clarity of speech, while stuttering affects the flow of speech. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a characteristic of both Speech Sound Disorder (SSD) and Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (stuttering)?

    <p>Symptoms must appear in early childhood, not adulthood. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most effective intervention for Speech Sound Disorder (SSD)?

    <p>Speech therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Adult-Onset Fluency Disorder?

    <p>Usually caused by neurological damage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these examples demonstrates a characteristic of Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder?

    <p>A child struggles to finish sentences, repeating words like &quot;I-I-I want that.&quot; (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these factors is NOT a reason why stuttering can be diagnosed as a separate disorder?

    <p>It is always caused by an underlying neurological condition. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these statements about Speech Sound Disorder (SSD) is TRUE?

    <p>It is caused by a structural issue in the mouth or throat in most cases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between Global Developmental Delay (GDD) and Unspecified Intellectual Developmental Disorder (F79)?

    <p>GDD is used when the child is too young for formal tests, while F79 is used when the individual is older than 5 and testing is difficult due to other factors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason why F79 (Unspecified Intellectual Developmental Disorder) might be diagnosed?

    <p>The individual is too young to complete formal assessments (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for using Global Developmental Delay (GDD)?

    <p>To provide a temporary diagnosis until a more specific diagnosis can be made (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided information, what is a characteristic of someone with 'Severe' intellectual developmental delay?

    <p>They are fully dependent on caregivers for all aspects of personal care. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can you conclude about the use of the term 'Unspecified Intellectual Developmental Disorder' (F79)?

    <p>It's a temporary diagnosis used while professionals gather more information about the individual's condition. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why Global Developmental Delay (GDD) is not a permanent diagnosis?

    <p>Because a more specific diagnosis might be possible as the child grows older. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of a child is most likely to lead to a diagnosis of 'Global Developmental Delay' (GDD)?

    <p>Not being able to walk by 18 months of age. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the information provided, what is NOT a potential barrier to accurately assessing an individual for 'Unspecified Intellectual Developmental Disorder' (F79)?

    <p>A history of early intervention services. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Communication Disorder

    A condition impairing speech, language, or communication abilities.

    Speech Problems

    Difficulties in producing sounds, including articulation, fluency, and voice.

    Articulation

    The clarity and correctness of speech sounds produced.

    Fluency

    The smoothness and flow of speech without interruptions.

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    Language Disorder

    A neurodevelopmental condition affecting understanding and use of language.

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    Receptive Language

    The ability to understand spoken or written language.

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    Expressive Language

    The ability to express oneself through spoken or written language.

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    Impaired Discourse

    Difficulty in organizing thoughts and maintaining coherent conversations.

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    Neurodevelopmental disorders

    Conditions starting early in life causing challenges in functioning due to brain development differences.

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    Severity levels

    Indications of how much symptoms affect daily life and support needs.

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    Current Symptoms

    Description of the symptoms a person with a disorder is experiencing right now.

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    Associated Factors

    Links to genetic, medical, or environmental issues in disorders like autism.

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    Intellectual Developmental Disorder

    A disorder characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning from an early age.

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    Deficit in intellectual functioning

    Difficulty with reasoning, problem-solving, and learning.

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    Adaptive Functioning

    Everyday life skills such as communication and independence.

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    Clinical assessment

    Evaluation process to diagnose intellectual developmental disorder through testing and observations.

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    Speech Sound Disorder (SSD)

    A condition marked by persistent articulation difficulties affecting speech clarity and communication.

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    Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder

    Commonly known as stuttering, a disorder for children with flow and timing speech difficulties.

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    Repetitions

    Repeating sounds or syllables during speech, like saying 'b-b-b-ball'.

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    Prolongations

    Stretching out sounds when speaking, e.g., 'sssssnake'.

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    Broken Words

    Pauses or interruptions that occur within a word during speech.

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    Blocking

    Pausing before speaking, either with sound or silently, like 'uh...I want that'.

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    Circumlocutions

    Avoiding certain words by using others, often making speech indirect.

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    Impact on Life

    Stuttering can cause significant distress in speaking, leading to anxiety and social difficulties.

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    Global Developmental Delay (GDD)

    Refers to children under 5 who are not meeting developmental milestones.

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    Why is GDD used?

    Used when a child cannot complete formal tests due to age or medical conditions.

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    Reassessment of GDD

    Doctors reassess a child later for specific diagnosis as they grow older.

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    Unspecified Intellectual Developmental Disorder (F79)

    For individuals over 5 with intellectual delays that are hard to assess.

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    Challenges in assessment of F79

    Assessment difficulties due to sensory impairments or physical disabilities.

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    Temporary diagnosis of F79

    F79 is a provisional label while awaiting better assessments.

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    Severe Intellectual Disability

    Fully dependent on caregivers for personal care and daily life.

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    Profound Intellectual Disability

    Completely dependent, with passive participation in activities and severe impairments.

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    Developmental Period

    The time frame when intellectual and adaptive deficits begin, typically in childhood or adolescence.

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    Mild Intellectual Disability

    Individuals can reach a 6th-grade academic level with minimal guidance needed.

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    Moderate Intellectual Disability

    Academic skills are at an elementary level; daily assistance is needed.

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    Social Domain: Mild

    Can form relationships but may struggle with social cues and judgment.

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    Practical Domain: Mild

    Individuals are mostly independent in personal care.

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    Speech Sound Production

    The clear articulation of phonemes to form spoken words, requiring phonological knowledge and motor coordination.

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    Phonological Knowledge

    Understanding and recognizing individual speech sounds necessary for language use.

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    Motor Coordination

    The ability to control the movements of articulators (jaw, tongue, lips) for speech production.

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    Phonological Knowledge Deficits

    Struggles to recognize or use the right speech sounds, leading to mispronunciations.

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    Motor Coordination Challenges

    Difficulty in coordinating mouth movements for clear speech production, leading to imprecise articulation.

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    Social Limitations

    Difficulty in engaging in conversations or forming relationships due to speech clarity issues.

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    Early Developmental Onset

    Symptoms of speech sound production difficulties appearing in early childhood, as speech sounds are learned.

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    Study Notes

    Neurodevelopmental Disorders

    • Conditions starting in childhood, before school
    • Result from differences/delays in brain development
    • Impact personal, social, academic, and occupational functioning
    • Specific challenges: difficulty focusing, learning particular skills
    • Broader challenges: trouble with social skills, thinking abilities

    Specifiers for Diagnosis

    • Severity: Levels varying for disorders (intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, ADHD) indicating symptom impact and support needs
    • Current Symptoms: Used for disorders like ADHD or tics, describing how the disorder presents currently

    Associated Medical or Environmental Factors

    • Autism spectrum disorder and stereotypic movement disorder: Specify if linked to a genetic condition, medical issue, or environmental factor (e.g., brain injury, prenatal toxins)
    • Helps understand potential causes and impact on treatment

    Intellectual Developmental Disorder (Intellectual Disability)

    • Onset during developmental period
    • Involves intellectual skills (reasoning, problem-solving, learning) and adaptive functioning (everyday life skills)
    • Diagnosed through clinical assessment and standardized testing (intellectual function, neuropsychological tests, adaptive functioning)
    • Requires meeting three criteria:
      • Deficit in intellectual functioning (difficulty in reasoning, problem-solving, learning in school/daily life)
      • Problems with adaptive functioning (communication, social participation, independent living)
      • Onset during developmental period (childhood/adolescence)

    Levels of Intellectual Disability

    • Mild: Academic skills up to 6th grade level, some independent living with minimal guidance
    • Moderate: Elementary-level academic skills, limited progress in reading, writing, math, significant daily assistance
    • Severe: Basic academic and symbolic concepts understanding, extensive caregiver support
    • Profound: Extremely limited understanding, basic physical interactions only

    Social Domain

    • Mild: Immature compared to peers, struggles to understand social cues, can form relationships but at risk of being manipulated
    • Moderate: Less complex communication, simplified language, difficulties with social judgment.
    • Severe: Limited language, relying on gestures, interaction with familiar caregivers.
    • Profound: Non-symbolic communication, limited relationships.

    Global Developmental Delay (GDD)

    • Applies to children under 5 who do not meet developmental milestones in multiple key areas (e.g., learning, problem-solving)
    • Used when formal intellectual testing is not possible due to age/medical conditions
    • Reassessment later for more specific diagnosis

    Unspecified Intellectual Developmental Disorder (F79)

    • For individuals over 5 with intellectual developmental delay, but assessment is difficult (e.g., sensory impairments, severe behaviours).
    • Temporary diagnosis pending further assessment

    Communication Disorders

    • Difficulties in speech, language, or communication
    • Significant impairment in expressing, understanding, or interacting effectively.
    • Types: Speech (articulation, fluency, voice), Language (vocabulary, grammar), Communication (social use of language).

    Language Disorder

    • Difficulty understanding, acquiring, and using language effectively
    • Involves vocabulary, grammar, sentence structure, and discourse deficits.
    • These difficulties impact academic, social, and occupational functioning.

    Speech Sound Disorder (SSD)

    • Difficulties with speech sound production making it hard for others to understand
    • Involves articulation, phonology, and motor coordination
    • Challenges impact academic, social, and occupational settings.

    Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering)

    • Persistent difficulties with the flow and timing of speech
    • Includes repetitions, prolongations, broken words, and other characteristics
    • Condition begins in early childhood and interferes with the person's ability to perform daily functions

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    Related Documents

    DSM 5: Neurodevelopmental Disorders PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers neurodevelopmental disorders that begin in childhood, focusing on their impact on personal, social, and academic functioning. It discusses severity levels and associated factors essential for diagnosis and treatment. Test your knowledge on these complex conditions and the factors influencing their development.

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