Podcast
Questions and Answers
What should be assessed to make comorbid diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability?
What should be assessed to make comorbid diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability?
- Presence of restricted, repetitive behaviors
- Age of onset of symptoms
- Severity of medical or genetic conditions
- Social communication below expected developmental level (correct)
Which of the following is NOT a criterion for diagnosing autism spectrum disorder?
Which of the following is NOT a criterion for diagnosing autism spectrum disorder?
- Significant language development delay (correct)
- Restricted, repetitive behaviors
- Social impairments evident even with support
- Marked deficits in social communication
Which severity level indicates a need for very substantial support due to severe deficits in communication skills?
Which severity level indicates a need for very substantial support due to severe deficits in communication skills?
- Level 2
- Level 1
- Level 4
- Level 3 (correct)
What characterizes individuals at Level 2 severity for autism spectrum disorder?
What characterizes individuals at Level 2 severity for autism spectrum disorder?
What should clinicians evaluate in individuals with marked social communication deficits that do not fully meet autism criteria?
What should clinicians evaluate in individuals with marked social communication deficits that do not fully meet autism criteria?
What is the potential specification for autism spectrum disorder diagnosis?
What is the potential specification for autism spectrum disorder diagnosis?
Which behavior is indicative of Level 3 severity in autism spectrum disorder?
Which behavior is indicative of Level 3 severity in autism spectrum disorder?
Individuals diagnosed with which conditions should still be classified under autism spectrum disorder?
Individuals diagnosed with which conditions should still be classified under autism spectrum disorder?
What is the primary age range for the onset of neurodevelopmental disorders?
What is the primary age range for the onset of neurodevelopmental disorders?
Which of the following is NOT classified as a communication disorder?
Which of the following is NOT classified as a communication disorder?
Which type of intellectual disability specifically refers to delayed growth and development observed in children?
Which type of intellectual disability specifically refers to delayed growth and development observed in children?
What are the three criteria necessary for diagnosing intellectual disability?
What are the three criteria necessary for diagnosing intellectual disability?
Which term was adopted in place of Intellectual Disability in DSM 5 TR?
Which term was adopted in place of Intellectual Disability in DSM 5 TR?
Which disorder is typically characterized by significant impairment in social and cognitive functioning?
Which disorder is typically characterized by significant impairment in social and cognitive functioning?
Which of the following conditions frequently co-occurs with neurodevelopmental disorders?
Which of the following conditions frequently co-occurs with neurodevelopmental disorders?
Which of the following best describes the deficits required for a diagnosis of intellectual disability?
Which of the following best describes the deficits required for a diagnosis of intellectual disability?
What defines the deficits associated with social (pragmatic) communication disorder?
What defines the deficits associated with social (pragmatic) communication disorder?
Which of the following is a criterion for diagnosing social (pragmatic) communication disorder?
Which of the following is a criterion for diagnosing social (pragmatic) communication disorder?
What is a risk factor associated with social (pragmatic) communication disorder?
What is a risk factor associated with social (pragmatic) communication disorder?
How does autism spectrum disorder (ASD) differ from social (pragmatic) communication disorder?
How does autism spectrum disorder (ASD) differ from social (pragmatic) communication disorder?
Which of the following conditions shares overlapping symptoms with social (pragmatic) communication disorder?
Which of the following conditions shares overlapping symptoms with social (pragmatic) communication disorder?
Under what condition would a diagnosis of intellectual disability be made alongside social (pragmatic) communication disorder?
Under what condition would a diagnosis of intellectual disability be made alongside social (pragmatic) communication disorder?
What might indicate a comprehensive history is necessary for diagnosing social (pragmatic) communication disorder?
What might indicate a comprehensive history is necessary for diagnosing social (pragmatic) communication disorder?
What could potentially mislead a diagnosis if not carefully assessed?
What could potentially mislead a diagnosis if not carefully assessed?
What condition may be associated with language regression in children under 3 years old?
What condition may be associated with language regression in children under 3 years old?
Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic criterion for speech sound disorder?
Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic criterion for speech sound disorder?
What is a characteristic of Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder?
What is a characteristic of Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder?
Which condition is primarily an anxiety disorder that may develop in children with speech disorders?
Which condition is primarily an anxiety disorder that may develop in children with speech disorders?
Which of the following conditions may result in abnormalities in speech due to hearing impairment?
Which of the following conditions may result in abnormalities in speech due to hearing impairment?
What type of speech disorder is characterized by sound prolongations and syllable repetitions?
What type of speech disorder is characterized by sound prolongations and syllable repetitions?
Which is a potential cause of dysarthria in a child?
Which is a potential cause of dysarthria in a child?
What critical aspect must be considered when diagnosing a speech sound disorder?
What critical aspect must be considered when diagnosing a speech sound disorder?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a specific language disorder?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a specific language disorder?
When is a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder appropriate for an individual with an intellectual disability?
When is a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder appropriate for an individual with an intellectual disability?
Which disorder is typically diagnosed when motor stereotypies are present but are explained by autism spectrum disorder?
Which disorder is typically diagnosed when motor stereotypies are present but are explained by autism spectrum disorder?
What is a defining feature of schizophrenia that is absent in autism spectrum disorder?
What is a defining feature of schizophrenia that is absent in autism spectrum disorder?
Which criterion must be met for diagnosing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in individuals age 17 and older?
Which criterion must be met for diagnosing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in individuals age 17 and older?
Which of the following is considered an inattention symptom for ADHD?
Which of the following is considered an inattention symptom for ADHD?
What behavior is commonly associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
What behavior is commonly associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
What aspect is essential for differentiating autism spectrum disorder from stereotypic movement disorder?
What aspect is essential for differentiating autism spectrum disorder from stereotypic movement disorder?
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Study Notes
Neurodevelopmental Disorders Overview
- Begin in childhood, typically before school age.
- Impairment in brain or CNS development affects growth.
- Major impacts on social and cognitive functioning.
- Often co-occur with other disorders.
Categories of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
-
Intellectual Disabilities
- Intellectual Disability
- Global Developmental Delay
- Unspecified Intellectual Disability (IDD)
-
Communication Disorders
- Language Disorder
- Speech Sound Disorder
- Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering)
- Social Communication Disorder
-
Other Disorders
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
- Specific Learning Disorder
Intellectual Disability
- Defined by significantly below-average intellectual and adaptive functioning.
- Renamed to Intellectual Developmental Disorder in DSM 5 TR.
Diagnostic Criteria for Intellectual Disabilities
- Must satisfy three criteria:
- Deficits in intellectual functions confirmed by assessment and standardized testing.
- Deficits in adaptive functioning impacting personal independence and social responsibility.
- Requires careful evaluation when co-occurring with autism spectrum disorder.
Specifiers for Intellectual Disabilities
- Identify if accompanied by:
- Intellectual impairment
- Language impairment
- Known medical/genetic conditions
- Other neurodevelopmental, mental, or behavioral disorders
Severity Levels of Communication Disorders
- Level 3: Severe deficits in social communication needing substantial support.
- Level 2: Marked deficits with noticeable social impairments but can receive support.
Differential Diagnoses in Communication Disorders
- Neurological Disorders: Learning disabilities may occur due to neurological conditions.
- Language Regression: Differentiate symptoms based on age and conditions (e.g., ASD, Landau-Kleffner syndrome).
- Other speech-related conditions such as Dysarthria and Selective Mutism.
Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering)
- Characterized by disruptions in the normal flow of speech.
- Symptoms include sound repetitions, prolongations, broken words, and blocking.
Diagnostic Criteria for Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder
- Persistent difficulties in speech patterns inappropriate for age.
- Functional limitations affecting communication and associations with other social and academic activities.
Social Communication Disorder (Pragmatic Communication Disorder)
- Presents with deficits in effective communication and understanding non-literal language.
- Symptoms overlap with ASD but lack restricted/repetitive patterns of behavior.
Differential Diagnosis for Social Communication Disorder
- Distinguish from ASD by understanding the presence of restricted behaviors.
- Consider co-occurrence with ADHD.
- Differentiate from Social Anxiety Disorder based on symptom onset and characteristics.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
- Affects behavior marked by inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity.
Diagnostic Criteria for ADHD
- Persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity.
- Shows symptoms inconsistent with developmental levels impacting various activities.
Key Symptoms of Inattention for ADHD
- Poor attention to detail; careless mistakes.
- Difficulty sustaining attention in tasks.
- Often seems inattentive when directly spoken to.
Risk Factors for Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Family history of ASD, communication disorders, or specific learning disorders may increase risk.
Comorbidity Considerations
- Intellectual disability can overlap with other neurodevelopmental disorders, necessitating a detailed evaluation for accurate diagnosis.
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