Neurodegenerative Disorders

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What is the primary characteristic of Niemann-Pick's Disease?

Chorean-style movements
Early language impairment and behavioral disorders (correct)
Macroscopic atrophy in the corpus striatum
Forgetfulness and stagnation

What is the typical age of onset for Huntington's disease?

Old age
Adulthood (correct)
Teenage years
Childhood

What is the mode of inheritance for Huntington's disease?

Autosomal recessive
Mitochondrial inheritance
X-linked dominant
Autosomal dominant (correct)

What are the characteristic pathological findings of Alzheimer's disease?

Extracellular senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and synapse loss (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of amnesia and loss of cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease?

Loss of cholinergic neurons in the basal nuclei (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of dementia?

Alzheimer's disease (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Alzheimer's disease on a person's abilities?

Gradual destruction of memory and the ability to learn (B) Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with the description of Alzheimer's disease?

Alois Alzheimer (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is donepezil used to treat?

Mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of ketoconazole on donepezil concentrations?

Increases average concentrations by 30% (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when donepezil is combined with enzyme inducers?

Donepezil levels decrease (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is similar between donepezil and rivastigmine?

Side effects (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for donepezil?

Pregnancy and lactation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main way rivastigmine is metabolized?

By hydrolysis by esterases (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of the treatment approach for Alzheimer's disease?

To maximize functional performance by improving cognition, mood, and behavior (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential interaction with donepezil?

Synergistic effect with cholinergic agonists (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of stimulating glutamate NMDA receptors in nerve cells?

It causes excess calcium entry into the nerve cell and cell destruction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a side effect of rivastigmine?

Angina pectoris (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the Mini-mental status review (MMSE) used for?

To score cognitive and behavioral status (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of nonpharmacological treatment approaches for Alzheimer's disease?

To create an environment that will provide trust and emotional intimacy (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the diagnostic methods of Alzheimer's disease?

History, blood tests, physical and neurological examination, mental status examination, neuropsychological tests, MRI, tomography, and autopsy (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended when interacting with Alzheimer's patients?

Be friendly, witty, and physically close (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cognitive therapies in nonpharmacological treatment approaches?

Cognitive enhancement (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is included in nonpharmacological treatment approaches for Alzheimer's disease?

Regular appointments, family and carers' contact, and landscaping modifications (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of memantine in Alzheimer's disease?

Blockage of NMDA receptors (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between memantine and epilepsy?

Memantine should be used with caution in epilepsy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of riluzole in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)?

Inhibition of glutamate release (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication for memantine?

Moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of memantine that distinguishes it from other Alzheimer's disease treatments?

It is a noncompetitive receptor antagonist (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the side effect profile of memantine?

Headache, dizziness, lightheadedness, and confusion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the contraindication for memantine in renal impairment?

Advanced renal impairment (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of riluzole on voltage-dependent Na channels?

Blockage of voltage-dependent Na channels (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of combining rivastigmine with succinylcholine-type muscle relaxants during anesthesia?

Exacerbated effects of muscle relaxants (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action in cases of asymptomatic overdose of rivastigmine?

Remove all EXELON PATCH transdermal patches immediately and wait for 24 hours before reinserting (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of rivastigmine's metabolism?

Unknown, but considered unlikely (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for severe nausea and vomiting associated with rivastigmine overdose?

Use antiemetics to alleviate nausea and vomiting (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate duration of acetylcholinesterase inhibition caused by rivastigmine?

9 hours (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended initial dose of atropine sulfate for treating severe rivastigmine overdose?

0.03 mg/kg i.v. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary enzyme responsible for the metabolism of galantamine?

Both CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of combining rivastigmine with anticholinergic drugs?

Interference with the activity of anticholinergic drugs (D) Signup and view all the answers