Huntington's Disease Overview

<p>Reward system activation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood pressure measurement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>40 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A child has a 50% chance of inheriting the mutated gene from one affected parent. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dementia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prominent chorea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ability to work and drive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brief, unpredictable irregular movements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Require assistance with daily activities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aggression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mutation in the huntingtin gene leading to expanded CAG repeats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe chorea with rigidity and bradykinesia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More CAG repeats result in an earlier onset of symptoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abnormal levels of GABA and dopamine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basal ganglia, specifically the striatum and cerebral cortex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Articulation impairment increases with the decline of voluntary control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Communication difficulties due to speech impairments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They accumulate and cause neuronal loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A neurodegenerative disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance.

A single mutated gene from one parent can cause a condition. A child has a 50% chance of inheriting if a parent has it.

Involuntary movements, restlessness, rigidity, spasticity, poor coordination, and abnormal voluntary movements.

Mood changes, like depression, aggression, irritability, apathy, impulsivity and antisocial behavior.

Problems with thinking and memory, such as planning, organizing difficulty, memory loss, inattention, and dementia.

Brief, involuntary, unpredictable, and irregular movements that flow from one muscle to another.

The initial stage of HD, characterized by mild symptoms and good functioning, but with early signs of motor and cognitive problems.

The final stage of HD where a person requires significant assistance for daily living due to severe motor and cognitive impairments.

A genetic disorder causing progressive, severe nervous system problems, including uncontrolled jerky movements (chorea), dementia, and emotional/mood issues.

Inherited trinucleotide repeat disorder, specifically a mutation in the Huntington gene on chromosome 4.

The protein produced by the Huntington gene; its important function in cellular processes is disrupted in HD.

Severe chorea (jerky movements), rigidity, dystonia, bradykinesia (slow movement) and communication issues are common in late-stage HD.

HD causes problems with speech, including a slower progression, soft or loud voice (hypo/explosive), articulation problems, and coordination difficulties that make speech hard to understand.

A specific mutation involving an increased number of CAG (glutamine) repeats in the Huntington gene. Key to the disease mechanism.

HD primarily affects the basal ganglia, particularly the caudate nucleus and putamen, leading to neuronal loss.

HD disrupts neurotransmitters like GABA and dopamine, impacting brain function and causing symptoms.

High dopamine levels can cause problems in Huntington's Disease (HD) due to degeneration of GABAergic neurons, which normally control dopamine release.

Reducing dopamine activity helps restore balance in neurotransmitter function, improving some HD symptoms like involuntary movements.

Huntington's Disease (HD) is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. This means a child has a 50% chance of inheriting the disease if one parent has the HD gene mutation.

Diagnosing HD involves medical history, neurological exam, and genetic testing. Sometimes prenatal testing is done to see if a fetus has the HD gene.

Treatments for HD aim to manage symptoms. This includes medications, therapies, and ongoing research for future cures.