Neuroblastoma: Pathogenesis and Characteristics
34 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the role of CXCL12 in neuroblastoma?

  • To suppress immune cells from attacking tumor cells
  • To stimulate the growth of neuroblastoma cells
  • To inhibit the release of chemokines from tumor cells
  • To attract immune cells to attack tumor cells (correct)

    • What is the characteristic of neuroblastoma cells that facilitates metastasis?

  • High concentration of Schwannian stroma
  • High concentration of neuropil
  • High expression of CXCL12 (correct)
  • High concentration of lymph nodes

    • What is the role of neuropil in neuroblastoma cells?

  • It forms a network of nerve fibers surrounding the cells (correct)
  • It inhibits the growth of tumor cells
  • It provides structural support to the tumor cells
  • It aids in the release of CXCL12

    • Which of the following is a diagnostic biomarker for neuroblastoma?

    <p>CXCL12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of immune cells sensing high levels of CXCL12 in neuroblastoma?

    <p>Immune cells create metastatic tumors in lymph nodes, liver, and bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which neuroblastoma cells migrate towards organs?

    <p>CXCL12 chemokine release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of neuroblastoma in the thoracic region?

    <p>Breathing difficulties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary diagnostic biomarker used to measure neuroblastoma?

    <p>Urinary homovanillic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a treatment option for neuroblastoma with metastasis?

    <p>Chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of neuroblastoma cells in the bone marrow?

    <p>Abnormal RBC, platelets, and WBC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of chemokine CXCL12 in neuroblastoma?

    <p>Migrating cells towards organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for adrenal crisis or acute adrenal insufficiency caused by severe bacterial infection?

    <p>Antibiotics and glucocorticoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main symptom of adrenal crisis or acute adrenal insufficiency?

    <p>Hypotension leading to shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the tumor that forms when chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla start to divide uncontrollably?

    <p>Pheochromocytoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of pheochromocytomas that are malignant?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genetic mutation associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A and type 2B?

    <p>Mutation in RET gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disease that is associated with pheochromocytoma and occurs in eyes, brain, spinal cord, and adrenal gland?

    <p>Von Hippel-Lindau disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for primary adrenal insufficiency due to damage of the adrenal cortex?

    <p>Addison disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for acute primary adrenal insufficiency due to damage of the adrenal cortex?

    <p>Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of primary adrenal insufficiency?

    <p>Destruction of the adrenal gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a tumor that forms when chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla start to divide uncontrollably?

    <p>Pheochromocytoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for excessive production of aldosterone?

    <p>Hyperaldosteronism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for excessive production of cortisol?

    <p>Hypercortisolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Addison disease in high-income countries?

    <p>Autoimmune destruction of adrenal cortical tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of zona glomerulosa destruction in Addison disease?

    <p>Aldosterone levels drop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of Addison disease due to electrolyte changes and hypovolemia?

    <p>Cravings for salty food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of adrenal cortex destruction on the body?

    <p>Hypotension and metabolic acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the layer of the adrenal gland responsible for aldosterone production?

    <p>Zona glomerulosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of adrenal crisis or acute adrenal insufficiency caused by severe bacterial infection?

    <p>Hypotension leading to shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for adrenal crisis or acute adrenal insufficiency caused by severe bacterial infection?

    <p>Antibiotics and glucocorticoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the tumor that forms when chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla start to divide uncontrollably?

    <p>Pheochromocytoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of pheochromocytomas are malignant?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genetic mutation associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A and type 2B?

    <p>Mutation in RET gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla?

    <p>To secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser