52 Questions
What was the conditioned stimulus (CS) used in the fear conditioning of rats and mice?
Tone or light
What was the unconditioned response (UR) in Watson and Rayner's classical conditioning of an infant?
Crying and wimpering
What was the initial career path of Ivan P. Pavlov before he switched to chemistry and animal physiology?
Religious career
What was the focus of Pavlov's research after winning the Nobel Prize for Physiology?
Associations and functions of the nervous system
What did Vul'fson study in Pavlov's lab?
Salivary responses to food placed in the mouth
What was the discovery of Snarskii in Pavlov's lab related to?
Salivary responses to artificial substances
What is the unconditioned stimulus (US) in eyeblink conditioning?
Air puff to the eye
What did Gormezano study using the eyeblink conditioning paradigm?
Rabbit eyeblink
Which brain structure is essential for consciously remembering recent events?
Hippocampus
What is the neurobiological representation and storage of learned information in the brain called?
Engram
Which type of conditioning involves movement towards a stimulus that signals availability of a positive reinforcer?
Sign tracking (autoshaping)
What is the role of genetics in sign tracking?
High locomotor responses and higher susceptibility to drug addiction
Which type of conditioning involves the prediction of the absence of the unconditioned stimulus?
Inhibitory conditioning
What type of conditioning activates different mechanisms than delayed conditioning?
Trace conditioning
Which brain regions are involved in eyeblink conditioning?
Brainstem and cerebellum
What is crucial for complex delayed forms of learning, especially when the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli have a delay of more than 0.5 seconds?
Hippocampus
Which type of conditioning involves short breaks from unpredictable stress to help reduce stress?
Inhibitory conditioning
What are taste preferences and aversions learned through?
Positive or aversive consequences
What have laboratory studies shown about rats and food aversions?
Rats can develop aversions to food consumed before receiving chemotherapy
Which type of conditioning involves the brain predicting the absence of the unconditioned stimulus?
Inhibitory conditioning
What is the term for the theoretical idea that participants should respond to the conditioned stimulus (CS) similarly to how they respond to the unconditioned stimulus (US)?
Stimulus substitution
What is the term for the process where exposure to one stimulus activates a mental image of another stimulus?
S-S Learning
What is the term for the reduction in the attractiveness of an unconditioned stimulus?
US devaluation
What is the term for the process where a conditioned stimulus (CS) elicits physiological processes to counteract the effects of the unconditioned stimulus (US)?
Conditioned compensatory responses
What is the term for the process where a conditioned stimulus (CS) elicits physiological processes to counteract the effects of a drug?
Conditioned drug tolerance
What is the term for the opposite reaction by the unconditioned stimulus (US) to compensate for the response, reducing the impact of the drug?
Conditioned compensatory responses
What is the term for the interference with the conditioning of a novel stimulus because of the presence of a previously conditioned stimulus?
The Blocking Effect
What is the term for the process where pre-training with one object will block training with a second object?
The Blocking Effect
What is the term for the process where visual exposure to a stimulus before exposure to the unconditioned stimulus (US) alters responses to the US?
Conditioned reproduction
What is the term for the process where two stimuli are employed, and the conditioning of a novel stimulus is interfered with due to the presence of a previously conditioned stimulus?
The Blocking Effect
What is the term for the process where laboratory studies have shown altered responses to the unconditioned stimulus (US), not to the conditioned stimulus (CS)?
Conditioned reproduction
What is the term for the process where exposure to one stimulus activates a mental image of another stimulus?
S-S Learning
What determines the nature of the conditioned response?
Intensity and salience of the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli
Which factor leads to faster conditioning according to the text?
Novelty of both conditioned and unconditioned stimuli
What is the term for the process where a previously conditioned stimulus is used to condition a new stimulus?
Higher-order conditioning
Which type of conditioning occurs with very few or no unconditioned stimulus trials?
Second order conditioning
What is the term for the process where two stimuli become associated without the presence of an unconditioned stimulus?
Sensory preconditioning
What is the impact of the novelty of the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli on conditioning?
Faster conditioning
In Garcia and Koelling's study, which pair elicited a higher aversion response in rats?
Shock-audiovisual pair
What is the term for the process where a stimulus is familiar and therefore less effective as a conditioned stimulus?
Latent inhibition
Which factor leads to more vigorous conditioned responses?
Intensity and salience of the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli
What is the term for the relevance of the conditioned stimulus to the unconditioned stimulus?
CS-US relevance or belongingness
Which process involves the interference with conditioning when a previously conditioned stimulus is used to condition a new stimulus?
Higher-order conditioning
What is the term for the process where a conditioned stimulus elicits physiological processes to counteract the effects of the unconditioned stimulus?
Conditioned inhibition
What is the term for the reappearance of an extinct response when another reinforced response becomes extinct?
Resurgence
What is the term for the recovery of conditioned responding when contextual cues during extinction are changed?
Renewal
What is the term for the recovery of conditioned behavior that occurs when you encounter the unconditioned stimulus (US) or a reinforcer again?
Reinstatement
What is the term for the decrease in rate of responding from both groups and an increase in variability of the response sequences during extinction phase?
Response variability
What is the term for the recovery of conditioned responding when contextual cues during extinction are changed, causing responding again?
Renewal effect
What is the term for the reappearance of an extinct response when another reinforced response becomes extinct?
Resurgence
What is the term for the recovery of conditioned behavior that occurs when you encounter the unconditioned stimulus (US) or a reinforcer again?
Reinstatement
What is the term for the decrease in rate of responding from both groups and an increase in variability of the response sequences during extinction phase?
Response variability
Study Notes
Eyeblink Conditioning and Pavlovian Conditioning: Key Concepts and Applications
- Engram is the neurobiological representation and storage of learned information in the brain
- Hippocampus is essential for consciously remembering recent events
- Eyeblink conditioning involves the brainstem and cerebellum, and is studied using electrical recording techniques
- Hippocampus is crucial for complex delayed forms of learning and is required when the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli have a delay of more than 0.5 seconds
- Sign tracking (autoshaping) involves movement towards a stimulus that signals availability of a positive reinforcer, while goal tracking involves approaching the location where the unconditioned stimulus is usually presented
- Genetics play a role in sign tracking, with high locomotor responses and higher susceptibility to drug addiction being associated with sign trackers
- Taste preferences and aversions are learned through either positive or aversive consequences, such as food poisoning, and can occur independently of rational thought
- Laboratory studies have shown that rats can develop aversions to food consumed before receiving chemotherapy, contributing to loss of appetite
- Classical conditioning procedures include short-delayed, trace, delay, long-delayed, simultaneous, and backward conditioning
- Control procedures for classical conditioning include pseudo-conditioning, random control, and explicitly unpaired control
- Different types of conditioning involve distinct behavioral and neural mechanisms, such as trace conditioning activating different mechanisms than delayed conditioning
- Inhibitory conditioning involves the prediction of the absence of the unconditioned stimulus, and unpredictability increases fear response, while short breaks from unpredictable stress can help reduce stress
Test your knowledge of key concepts and applications of eyeblink conditioning and Pavlovian conditioning with this quiz. Explore topics such as engram, hippocampus, sign tracking, genetics, taste preferences, classical conditioning procedures, control procedures, and behavioral and neural mechanisms. See how well you understand the neurobiological representation of learned information and the various forms of conditioning.
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