F3- vision

The point where ganglion cell axons from the retina gather to form the optic nerve.

The structure at the base of the diencephalon where some optic nerve fibers cross to the opposite side of the brain.

The bundle of ganglion cell axons that travels from the optic chiasm to various brain structures, containing fibers from both eyes.

The main target of ganglion cell axons in the thalamus, responsible for processing visual information.

The pathway from the retina to the LGN in the thalamus and then to the primary visual cortex.

The region in the occipital lobe that receives visual input from the LGN, also known as Brodmann's area 17.

A small structure near the thalamus involved in coordinating the pupillary light reflex.

The automatic constriction of the pupil in response to light.

The ability to recognize objects as the same regardless of their position in the visual field. For example, you can recognize your friend from different angles.

The inferior temporal cortex (IT) is responsible for recognizing objects. It contains neurons that fire regardless of the object's size, even when it's at different distances. This allows us to perceive objects as having the same size despite changes in their image on the retina.

The IT cortex is crucial for recognizing objects by analyzing their features like shape, color, and texture. It also plays a part in remembering objects and recognizing them later.

A region in the brain where neurons respond to specific, complex patterns, like different views of a fire extinguisher.

Neurons in the IT cortex fire in response to variations of an object, such as different faces or views of a fire extinguisher. These neurons help us understand object variability.

The ability to recognize objects as the same even when viewing conditions change, like lighting or position. It helps us see a zebra as a zebra even if it's partially obscured or seen from different angles.

Areas of the brain involved in emotions, memory, and decision-making. The IT cortex connects to these areas, influencing how we understand and recall objects. For example, seeing a fire extinguisher might trigger memories of fire safety.

Optical imaging helps us visualize brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow. This allows us to see which areas of the brain are activated when looking at different objects.

The inferior temporal cortex is crucial for recognizing objects and understanding their invariant attributes. It helps us see things consistently despite changes in their view and context.

The binocular field of vision is divided into symmetrical left and right hemifields. Each hemifield receives input from both eyes, but the nasal half of one eye's visual field overlaps with the temporal half of the other eye's visual field.

The arrangement of neurons in a structure where different parts correspond to specific regions of the visual field. For example, in the visual pathways, neurons representing the center of the visual field are located in a specific part of the brain, while neurons representing the periphery of the visual field are located in a different part.

The optic tract carries axons from both eyes, representing the contralateral visual field. This means that the left optic tract carries information from the right visual field, and vice versa.

The primary visual pathway maintains the visuotopical map from the retina through the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) to the striate cortex. This means that the spatial relationships of visual information are preserved throughout the pathway, allowing for accurate processing of visual information.

The visual field refers to the area of the visual world that can be seen with both eyes open and while keeping the head and eyes fixed. It can be divided into different regions like the nasal, temporal, and peripheral fields.

The process of extracting physical features from an object to plan a movement.

A brain region that integrates visual information from the parietal lobe and the pre-motor areas, helping to plan and execute movements in relation to objects.

Brain cells that receive both visual and touch sensations, essential for coordinating movements and making sense of the world around us.

The area in your brain where visual and somatosensory information is integrated to guide movements based on how our body is positioned.

A connection between the VIP (Ventral Intraparietal Area) and F4 (area in the frontal lobe) that helps your brain merge visual and touch information to make well-coordinated movements.

The ability to locate objects in space based on their position relative to your body.

A part of the brain responsible for planning and controlling eye movements and attention.

A brain area heavily involved in planning and executing eye movements and attention. Works with LIP to direct our gaze.

A disorder that occurs when there's damage to the parietal lobe, causing a person to ignore or neglect everything on one side of their body and their surroundings.

A condition where someone is unable to recognize and process information from one side of their body or environment, often caused by damage to the parietal lobe.

The ability to recognize objects of different categories even if visually similar, like distinguishing a red apple from a green apple and a cherry.

Brain areas, like the inferotemporal (IT) cortex and prefrontal cortex, show specialized responses based on the category of an object, rather than just its exact features.

As a visual stimulus gradually shifts from one category to another (e.g., from 100% cat to 60% cat to 60% dog), neurons increase their firing rate.

The inferotemporal (IT) cortex neurons don't change their firing pattern based on the object's position in the visual field. They focus on the object's identity.

The prefrontal cortex plays a crucial role in visual memory, actively processing and recalling visual experiences. It receives visual information, but doesn't directly map it to specific locations.

When a trained monkey observes an object rotating toward a previously learned and rewarded position, the activity of prefrontal cortex neurons increases.

Prefrontal cortex neurons maintain activity even during delays, reflecting the persistence of visual memory. This activity influences the processing of later visual information.

Visual experiences can influence how we process new visual information. This means our past visual memories shape what we see.

The prefrontal cortex receives visual information, but not in a spatially organized way like the primary visual cortex. It focuses on the meaning and memory of visual input.

The prefrontal cortex plays a key role in visual experience, integrating information from the inferotemporal cortex and visual memory to shape our perception and behavior.