31 Questions
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the function of all eye muscles except the superior oblique and lateral rectus?
Cranial nerve III: Oculomotor
Which type of muscles cause the eyeball to rotate (torsion) according to the lecture slides?
Oblique muscles
What is the definition of 'abduct' as mentioned in the lecture slides?
To move away from the midline of the body
Which cranial nerve is responsible for somatic motor control of the lateral rectus muscle only?
Cranial nerve VI: Abducens
What is the principal action of the rectus muscles according to the lecture slides?
Pulling eye in single, straight direction
Which cranial nerve is responsible for pure motor control (somatic and visceral) according to the lecture slides?
Cranial nerve III: Oculomotor
Which brainstem nucleus is not involved in the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)?
Trochlear nucleus
What is the role of the abducens nucleus in the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)?
It innervates the lateral rectus muscles
What happens to the balance of inputs in the abducens nucleus if there is unilateral damage to the vestibular system?
The balance of inputs is lost
What are the two alternating reflexive eye movements involved in nystagmus?
Slow phase and fast phase movements
What triggers nystagmus in vestibular caloric testing?
Movement of fluid in the horizontal semicircular canal
Which mnemonic is commonly used to remember the direction of the quick phase of nystagmus during vestibular caloric testing?
COWS (cold-other, warm-same)
What is the effect of warm water on the vestibular afferents during caloric testing?
Depolarizes the vestibular afferents on the same side
Which brainstem nucleus receives excitatory input from the contralateral side and inhibitory input from the ipsilateral side?
Medial vestibular nucleus
When bilateral vestibular input is balanced, what is the activity level of motor neurons in the abducens nucleus when there is no head movement?
Highly active
What is the primary function of area V4 in the visual cortex?
Color perception
What is a clinical syndrome characterized by the inability to perceive color, caused by bilateral lesions of area V4?
Achromatopsia
In the context of higher-order visual functions, what are patients with damage to ventral stream association cortices aware of, but cannot identify?
Objects
According to the lecture slides, what is the Van Essen Diagram also known as?
The Oil Refinery Diagram
Which publication introduced the concept of distributed hierarchical processing in the primate cerebral cortex?
Cerebral Cortex 1:1-4
In the context of higher-order visual functions, what is the defining characteristic of achromatopsia?
Inability to perceive color
What is the main impairment in visual apperceptive agnosia?
Inability to integrate parts of an object to perceive it as a whole
What ability is preserved in patients with visual associative agnosia?
Ability to draw/copy an object
What is the primary deficit in patients with prosopagnosia?
Inability to recognize people by their faces
What is the main symptom of optic ataxia?
Inability to use visual guidance for accurate reaching to an object
What is the characteristic feature of simultanagnosia?
Inability to perceive more than one object at a time
What is Akinetopsia primarily characterized by?
Inability to perceive motion
Which area of the brain is primarily affected in contralateral neglect syndrome?
Parieto-occipital junction
What is the primary deficit in dorsal stream association cortices in terms of visual function?
All of the above
What is predominantly affected in patients with bilateral damage in the parieto-occipital junction?
Ability to perceive more than one object at a time
What is the most notable feature of contralateral neglect syndrome?
Tendency to ignore sensory information from and perception of the contralateral side of the body
Test your knowledge of higher-order visual functions with this quiz based on the lecture slides from Dr. Erika E. Fanselow's NROSCI 1011 course at the University of Pittsburgh. The quiz covers topics such as the Van Essen Diagram, dorsal and ventral visual streams, and distributed hierarchical processing in the primate cerebral cortex.
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