Functional Neuroanatomy NROSCI 1011: Higher-order Visual Functions Lecture Quiz

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Which cranial nerve is responsible for the function of all eye muscles except the superior oblique and lateral rectus?

Cranial nerve IV: Trochlear

Cranial nerve V: Trigeminal

Cranial nerve VI: Abducens

Cranial nerve III: Oculomotor (correct)

Which type of muscles cause the eyeball to rotate (torsion) according to the lecture slides?

Oblique muscles (correct)

Rectus muscles

Superior oblique muscle

Lateral rectus muscle

What is the definition of 'abduct' as mentioned in the lecture slides?

To move away from the midline of the body (correct)

To rotate the eyeball

To move toward the midline of the body

To dilate the pupil

Which cranial nerve is responsible for somatic motor control of the lateral rectus muscle only?

Cranial nerve VI: Abducens Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal action of the rectus muscles according to the lecture slides?

Pulling eye in single, straight direction Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for pure motor control (somatic and visceral) according to the lecture slides?

Cranial nerve III: Oculomotor Signup and view all the answers

Which brainstem nucleus is not involved in the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)?

Trochlear nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the abducens nucleus in the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)?

It innervates the lateral rectus muscles Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the balance of inputs in the abducens nucleus if there is unilateral damage to the vestibular system?

The balance of inputs is lost Signup and view all the answers

What are the two alternating reflexive eye movements involved in nystagmus?

Slow phase and fast phase movements Signup and view all the answers

What triggers nystagmus in vestibular caloric testing?

Movement of fluid in the horizontal semicircular canal Signup and view all the answers

Which mnemonic is commonly used to remember the direction of the quick phase of nystagmus during vestibular caloric testing?

COWS (cold-other, warm-same) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of warm water on the vestibular afferents during caloric testing?

Depolarizes the vestibular afferents on the same side Signup and view all the answers

Which brainstem nucleus receives excitatory input from the contralateral side and inhibitory input from the ipsilateral side?

Medial vestibular nucleus Signup and view all the answers

When bilateral vestibular input is balanced, what is the activity level of motor neurons in the abducens nucleus when there is no head movement?

Highly active Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of area V4 in the visual cortex?

Color perception Signup and view all the answers

What is a clinical syndrome characterized by the inability to perceive color, caused by bilateral lesions of area V4?

Achromatopsia Signup and view all the answers

In the context of higher-order visual functions, what are patients with damage to ventral stream association cortices aware of, but cannot identify?

Objects Signup and view all the answers

According to the lecture slides, what is the Van Essen Diagram also known as?

The Oil Refinery Diagram Signup and view all the answers

Which publication introduced the concept of distributed hierarchical processing in the primate cerebral cortex?

Cerebral Cortex 1:1-4 Signup and view all the answers

In the context of higher-order visual functions, what is the defining characteristic of achromatopsia?

Inability to perceive color Signup and view all the answers

What is the main impairment in visual apperceptive agnosia?

Inability to integrate parts of an object to perceive it as a whole Signup and view all the answers

What ability is preserved in patients with visual associative agnosia?

Ability to draw/copy an object Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary deficit in patients with prosopagnosia?

Inability to recognize people by their faces Signup and view all the answers

What is the main symptom of optic ataxia?

Inability to use visual guidance for accurate reaching to an object Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of simultanagnosia?

Inability to perceive more than one object at a time Signup and view all the answers

What is Akinetopsia primarily characterized by?

Inability to perceive motion Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the brain is primarily affected in contralateral neglect syndrome?

Parieto-occipital junction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary deficit in dorsal stream association cortices in terms of visual function?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is predominantly affected in patients with bilateral damage in the parieto-occipital junction?

Ability to perceive more than one object at a time Signup and view all the answers

What is the most notable feature of contralateral neglect syndrome?

Tendency to ignore sensory information from and perception of the contralateral side of the body Signup and view all the answers