Neuroanatomy Glial Cells Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Match the following types of glial cells with their functions:

Astrocyte = Covers capillaries in the brain and helps to form the blood-brain barrier Ependymal Cell = Function in the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Microglial Cell = Cells of the lymphatic system, macrophages of the CNS Oligodendrocyte = Forms the myelin sheath in the CNS

Removal of the left cerebral hemisphere would prevent voluntary movement of the right side of the body.

True

The glial cell that covers the capillaries in the brain with its perivascular feet, helping to form the blood-brain barrier is a(n) ______________.

Astrocyte

The specific location where two neurons meet is called a ____________.

Synapse Signup and view all the answers

Place in order the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid.

1 - CSF is produced by the choroid plexus in the ventricles; 2 - CSF flows from the 3rd ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct into the 4th ventricle; 3 - CSF flows through the paired lateral apertures or the single medial aperture and into the central canal of the spinal cord; 4 - CSF flows through the subarachnoid space and removes waste products; 5 - CSF flows into the arachnoid villi and drains into the dural venous sinuses. Signup and view all the answers

A regenerating axon in the PNS is guided by the regeneration tube and grows at a rate of about 5 mm per day.

True Signup and view all the answers

Pain receptors in the skin send signals to the CNS for processing. These pain receptors are an example of ____________ neurons.

Afferent Signup and view all the answers

Put the cranial meninges in order, from deep (closest to the brain) to superficial (farthest from the brain).

1 - Pia mater; 2 - Arachnoid mater; 3 - Dura mater. Signup and view all the answers

The _ nervous system transmits information from receptors to the CNS, while the _ nervous system transmits information from the CNS to the rest of the body.

sensory; motor Signup and view all the answers

The most common type of neuron contains many dendrites and a single axon. Structurally, this is classified as a(n) ______________ neuron.

multipolar Signup and view all the answers

In a nerve, groups of axons are wrapped into separate bundles called ____________.

Fascicles Signup and view all the answers

What part of your brain allows you to perform the complex, conscious intellectual task of reading and comprehension?

Cerebrum Signup and view all the answers

A typical synapse in the CNS consists of a presynaptic neuron and a postsynaptic neuron, separated by a narrow space called the ____________.

Synaptic Cleft Signup and view all the answers

Nerve growth factors that stimulate the outgrowth of severed axons are secreted by ____________.

neurolemmocytes Signup and view all the answers

In myelinated axons, the plasma membrane of neurolemmocytes or oligodendrocytes must repeatedly wrap around a segment of an axon to form the myelin sheath.

True Signup and view all the answers

Nodes of Ranvier are gaps found in the plasma membrane of neurolemmocytes and oligodendrocytes.

False Signup and view all the answers

There are neurolemmocytes or oligodendrocytes in unmyelinated areas of the neuron.

True Signup and view all the answers

Another term for the __________ system is the afferent nervous system.

False Signup and view all the answers

Classify the given items with the appropriate group: Oligodendrocyte.

Can myelinate 1 mm portions of axons of many neurons; Found in the CNS only; No formation of neurilemma. Signup and view all the answers

Classify the given items with the appropriate group: Neurolemmocyte.

Only myelinates 1 mm portion of a single axon; Found in PNS only; Has a neurilemma formed. Signup and view all the answers

Classify the types of neurons based on structure:

Multipolar Neuron = Most common type of neuron; has many dendrites and a single axon Bipolar Neuron = Has one axon and one dendrite Unipolar Neuron = Has central and peripheral processes Anaxonic Neuron = No axons are present; only produce local potentials Signup and view all the answers

Label the regions involved in interpreting and carrying out speech information.

Prefrontal Cortex; Motor speech area; Wernicke Area. Signup and view all the answers

Label the structures of a nerve.

Axon; Neurilemmyocyte; Perineurium; Epineurium; Endoneurium. Signup and view all the answers

Label the regions of gray and white matter in the brain.

Cortex; Inner White Matter; Corpus Callosum; Internal Capsule; Cerebral Nuclei. Signup and view all the answers

The vagus nerve contains afferent and efferent neurons, therefore it is an example of a(n) __________ nerve.

Mixed Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Glial Cells of the CNS

Astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglial cells, and oligodendrocytes are the primary glial cells.
Astrocytes assist in blood-brain barrier maintenance and neurogenesis.
Ependymal cells are responsible for producing and circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Microglial cells function as macrophages in the CNS, part of the immune response.
Oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheath around axons in the CNS.

Brain Hemispheres and Movement

Removal of the left cerebral hemisphere impedes voluntary movement on the right side of the body.

Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

CSF is produced by the choroid plexus in the ventricles.
It flows from the third ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct into the fourth ventricle.
CSF exits through the lateral or medial apertures into the central canal of the spinal cord.
Maintenance occurs via subarachnoid space and drainage through arachnoid villi into dural venous sinuses.

Regeneration of Axons

In the PNS, regenerating axons are guided by regeneration tubes, growing at approximately 5 mm per day.

Synapses and Neurons

Synapse is the junction where two neurons communicate.
Afferent neurons carry signals from pain receptors to the CNS.

Cranial Meninges

Order of cranial meninges from deep to superficial: Pia mater, Arachnoid mater, Dura mater.

Nervous System Functions

Sensory input is the collection of external/internal stimuli by receptors.
The nervous system controls muscles and glands, including voluntary and involuntary reactions.
Homeostasis involves detecting and responding to internal/external changes.
Integration leads to decision-making regarding responses to stimuli.

Anatomical and Functional Features

Neurons are supported by neuroglial cells which perform various protective and supportive roles.
Fascicles are bundles of axons in a nerve.

Neuron Classes

Multipolar neurons are the most common type, featuring many dendrites and a single axon.
Bipolar neurons consist of one axon and one dendrite.
Unipolar neurons have a central and peripheral process, while anaxonic neurons lack axons.

Myelin Sheath

Myelination increases action potential speed, with neurolemmocytes or oligodendrocytes forming the myelin sheath.
Nodes of Ranvier are gaps between myelinated segments crucial for action potential propagation.

Speech and Interpretation Regions

Areas involved in speech include the prefrontal cortex, motor speech area, and Wernicke area.

Nerve Structures

Nerve structures include axons, neurolemmocytes, perineurium, epineurium, and endoneurium.

Mixed Nerves

The vagus nerve exemplifies a mixed nerve, containing both afferent and efferent neurons.

Gray and White Matter in the Brain

The brain's structure contains cortical gray matter surrounding inner white matter, corpus callosum, internal capsule, and cerebral nuclei.

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Test your knowledge on glial cells in the central nervous system with these flashcards. Learn about the specific types of glial cells and their functions, as well as the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid. Perfect for students studying neuroanatomy.

Neuroanatomy Glial Cells Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Match the following types of glial cells with their functions:

Removal of the left cerebral hemisphere would prevent voluntary movement of the right side of the body.

The glial cell that covers the capillaries in the brain with its perivascular feet, helping to form the blood-brain barrier is a(n) ______________.

The specific location where two neurons meet is called a ____________.

Place in order the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid.

A regenerating axon in the PNS is guided by the regeneration tube and grows at a rate of about 5 mm per day.

Pain receptors in the skin send signals to the CNS for processing. These pain receptors are an example of ____________ neurons.

Put the cranial meninges in order, from deep (closest to the brain) to superficial (farthest from the brain).

The ___________ nervous system transmits information from receptors to the CNS, while the ___________ nervous system transmits information from the CNS to the rest of the body.

The most common type of neuron contains many dendrites and a single axon. Structurally, this is classified as a(n) ______________ neuron.

In a nerve, groups of axons are wrapped into separate bundles called ____________.

What part of your brain allows you to perform the complex, conscious intellectual task of reading and comprehension?

A typical synapse in the CNS consists of a presynaptic neuron and a postsynaptic neuron, separated by a narrow space called the ____________.

Nerve growth factors that stimulate the outgrowth of severed axons are secreted by ____________.

In myelinated axons, the plasma membrane of neurolemmocytes or oligodendrocytes must repeatedly wrap around a segment of an axon to form the myelin sheath.

Nodes of Ranvier are gaps found in the plasma membrane of neurolemmocytes and oligodendrocytes.

There are neurolemmocytes or oligodendrocytes in unmyelinated areas of the neuron.

Another term for the __________ system is the afferent nervous system.

Classify the given items with the appropriate group: Oligodendrocyte.

Classify the given items with the appropriate group: Neurolemmocyte.

Classify the types of neurons based on structure:

Label the regions involved in interpreting and carrying out speech information.

Label the structures of a nerve.

Label the regions of gray and white matter in the brain.

The vagus nerve contains afferent and efferent neurons, therefore it is an example of a(n) __________ nerve.

Study Notes

Glial Cells of the CNS

Brain Hemispheres and Movement

Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Regeneration of Axons

Synapses and Neurons

Cranial Meninges

Nervous System Functions

Anatomical and Functional Features

Neuron Classes

Myelin Sheath

Speech and Interpretation Regions

Nerve Structures

Mixed Nerves

Gray and White Matter in the Brain

Studying That Suits You

Description

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