Neuroanatomy: Cerebellum

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Questions and Answers

What is the location of the cerebellum in the cranial fossa?

Posterior cranial fossa (correct)

Anterior cranial fossa

Lateral cranial fossa

Middle cranial fossa

What is the superior relation of the cerebellum?

Tentorium cerebelli (correct)

Pons

Medulla

Cerebral hemisphere

What is the narrow median part of the cerebellum called?

Notch

Vermis (correct)

Cerebellar hemisphere

Fissure

How many parts does the vermis divide into?

Two Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the wide notch related to the back of the brain stem?

Anterior notch Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the narrow notch that receives the falx cerebelli?

Posterior notch Signup and view all the answers

Where is the primary fissure located?

On the superior surface Signup and view all the answers

Where is the posterolateral fissure located?

On the inferior surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary fissure located between?

Anterior lobe and posterior lobe Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the superior cerebellar peduncles?

Connecting cerebellum to midbrain Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the fissure that separates the posterior lobe from the flocculo-nodular lobe?

Posterolateral fissure Signup and view all the answers

How many peduncles connect the cerebellum with the brainstem?

3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the lobe that lies on the superior surface cranial to the primary fissure?

Anterior lobe Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure that separates the two hemispheres of the cerebellum?

Falx cerebelli Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the median part of the flocculo-nodular lobe?

Nodule Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the fissure that separates the superior and inferior surfaces of the cerebellum?

Horizontal fissure Signup and view all the answers

What structure connects the cerebellum to the medulla oblongata?

Inferior cerebellar peduncle Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cerebellum is connected with the vestibular system?

Archicerebellum Signup and view all the answers

What is the outer layer of grey matter in the cerebellum?

Cerebellar cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Paleocerebellum?

Regulation of muscle tone and muscle coordination Signup and view all the answers

Which nucleus is located in the vermal zone of the cerebellum?

Fastigial nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the involuntary, rhythmical wavering movement of the hand?

Intention tremor Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the paleocerebellum?

Muscle tone and muscle co-ordination Signup and view all the answers

How many longitudinal zones are there in the cerebellum?

3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Neocerebellum?

Planning and automatic control of movements Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the condition where the patient walks with legs far apart?

Ataxia Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of the deep cerebellar nuclei from medial to lateral?

Fastigial, globose, emboliform, dentate Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the test used to diagnose Dysmetria?

Finger-nose test Signup and view all the answers

What structure connects the cerebellum to the pons?

Middle cerebellar peduncle Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Scanning speech?

Slurred and hesitating Signup and view all the answers

What is the medullary center composed of?

White matter Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of Dysmetria?

Overshooting the target Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cerebellum

Located in the posterior cranial fossa, superiorly separated from the cerebral hemisphere by the tentorium cerebelli
Anteriorly, it is related to the back of the pons and medulla with the 4th ventricle

Gross Features of the Cerebellum

Consists of two cerebellar hemispheres (large lateral parts formed of many gyri called folia) and a narrow median part called vermis
Vermis is divided into superior and inferior vermis

Notches of the Cerebellum

Anterior notch: a wide notch related to the back of the brain stem
Posterior notch: a narrow notch which receives the falx cerebelli

Fissures of the Cerebellum

Primary fissure: on the superior surface at the junction of the anterior one-third and posterior two-thirds
Posterolateral fissure: on the inferior surface
Horizontal fissure: between superior and inferior surfaces

Anatomical Classification of Lobes

Anterior lobe: area on the superior surface cranial to the primary fissure
Posterior lobe: area between primary and posterior fissures, lies in superior and inferior surfaces
Flocculo-nodular lobe: lies in the inferior surface, consists of right & left flocculi and a median nodule

Cerebellar Peduncles

Three peduncles connect the cerebellum with the brainstem:
Superior cerebellar peduncles: connect cerebellum to midbrain
Middle cerebellar peduncles: connect cerebellum to pons
Inferior cerebellar peduncles: connect cerebellum to medulla oblongata

Structure of the Cerebellum

Outer layer of grey matter: cerebellar cortex
White matter: medullary center
Four deep cerebellar nuclei:
Fastigial nucleus
Globose nucleus
Emboliform nucleus
Dentate nucleus

Divisions of the Cerebellum

Longitudinal divisions: 3 zones
Vermal zone: contains fastigial nuclei
Paravermal zone: contains globose and emboliform nuclei
Lateral zone: contains dentate nucleus
Functional divisions:
Archicerebellum (flocculo-nodular lobe): connected with the vestibular system, concerned with equilibrium
Paleocerebellum (vermal and paravermal zones): connected with the spinal cord, concerned with regulation of muscle tone and muscle coordination
Neocerebellum (lateral zone): connected with the cerebral cortex, concerned with planning and automatic control of movements

Signs of Cerebellar Dysfunction

Intention tremor: involuntary, rhythmical wavering movement of the hand
Loss of muscle coordination:
Ataxia: the patient walks with legs far apart
Nystagmus: the eyes make repetitive, uncontrolled movements
Scanning speech: the speech is slurred and hesitating
Dysmetria with overshooting: inability to measure the distance, results in overshooting the target

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Description

Learn about the cerebellum, a large posterior part of the brain, its location and general relations. Quiz covers the anatomy and structure of the cerebellum.