Podcast
Questions and Answers
What percentage of the total brain weight does the cerebellum occupy?
What percentage of the total brain weight does the cerebellum occupy?
Which structure separates the cerebellum from the occipitotemporal cortex?
Which structure separates the cerebellum from the occipitotemporal cortex?
What is the shape of the superior surface of the cerebellum?
What is the shape of the superior surface of the cerebellum?
What is the name of the worm-like portion that joins the two cerebellar hemispheres?
What is the name of the worm-like portion that joins the two cerebellar hemispheres?
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Which part of the cerebellum lodges the pons and MO?
Which part of the cerebellum lodges the pons and MO?
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What is the name of the fold of dura mater that partially separates the two cerebellar hemispheres?
What is the name of the fold of dura mater that partially separates the two cerebellar hemispheres?
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What is the shape of the posterior inferior surface of the cerebellum?
What is the shape of the posterior inferior surface of the cerebellum?
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What is the main part of the cerebellum that is divided into superior and inferior parts?
What is the main part of the cerebellum that is divided into superior and inferior parts?
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What is the part of the vermis ventral to the primary fissure?
What is the part of the vermis ventral to the primary fissure?
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What is the function of the cerebellum in relation to the body?
What is the function of the cerebellum in relation to the body?
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What is dysdiadochokinesia?
What is dysdiadochokinesia?
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What type of tremor is brought on by movement and absent during rest?
What type of tremor is brought on by movement and absent during rest?
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What separates the posterior lobe from the flocculonodular lobe?
What separates the posterior lobe from the flocculonodular lobe?
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What type of afferent is uncrossed and comes from the lower limbs?
What type of afferent is uncrossed and comes from the lower limbs?
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What is past-pointing in the context of cerebellar signs?
What is past-pointing in the context of cerebellar signs?
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What is the term for floppy limbs or muscles?
What is the term for floppy limbs or muscles?
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Study Notes
Location and Relations
- The cerebellum occupies the posterior cranial fossa, related anteriorly by the pons, medulla oblongata (MO), and 4th ventricle, superiorly by the tentorium cerebelli and occipitotemporal cortex, and posteroinferiorly by the squamous part of the occiput.
Surfaces
- The superior surface is convexoconcave in conformity with the shape of the tentorium.
- The postinferior surface is convex backwards in conformity with the shape of the occiput and contains the postcerebellar notch that lodges the falx cerebelli, partially separating the two cerebellar hemispheres.
- The anteroinferior surface is flat and contains the anterior cerebellar notch, which is wide and shallow and lodges the pons and MO, separated from them by the 4th ventricle.
Major Parts
- The cerebellum consists of two cerebellar hemispheres joined at the midline in a constricted "worm-like" portion called the vermis, which is divided into superior and inferior parts.
- The anteroinferior parts of the cerebral hemispheres expand into spherical parts called cerebellar tonsils.
Cerebellar Nuclei
- Interposed nuclei are present in the cerebellum.
Functional Zones
- The cerebellum has functional zones that are not specified in the text.
Fissures and Lobes
- A primary fissure runs horizontally on the superior surface and separates the anterior from the posterior lobes.
- The part of the vermis ventral to the primary fissure is the superior vermis, and the part dorsal to the fissure is the inferior vermis.
- A horizontal fissure runs horizontally in the posterior lobe and separates the superior from the posterior surfaces.
- A postrolateral fissure separates the posterior lobe from the flocculonodular lobe on the anteroinferior surface.
Connections
- The cerebellum controls the ipsilateral side of the body.
- Spinocerebellar afferents include ventral spinocerebellar (double-crosser), dorsal spinocerebellar (uncrossed), and cuneocerebellar (uncrossed) afferents.
- Cerebral afferents are crossed, and vestibulovisual afferents are uncrossed.
- Cerebellar efferents are not specified in the text.
Clinical Relevance
- Cerebellar signs include dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid repetitive movements), ataxia (unbalanced gait/limb movement/swallowing), nystagmus (involuntary rhythmic eye movements), intention tremor (muscular tremor brought on by movement and absent during rest), hypotonia (floppy limbs/muscles), and dysmetria (past-pointing, inability to estimate range and distance).
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Description
Explore the structure, location, and functions of the cerebellum, as well as related clinical disorders. Learn about its surfaces, parts, and internal connections.
