L11 Control of breathing
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary stimulus for central chemoreceptors in the brain?

  • Increased arterial O2
  • Decreased arterial PO2
  • Increased arterial PCO2
  • Increased H+ concentration (correct)

    • Where are the central chemoreceptors located?

  • In the medulla (correct)
  • Along the aortic arch
  • Bifurcation of the common carotid
  • In the skeletal muscles

    • Which chemical factor stimulates peripheral chemoreceptors located at the carotid bodies?

  • Increased H+ concentration
  • Decreased arterial PO2 (correct)
  • Increased arterial PCO2
  • Increased arterial O2

    • What inhibits respiration according to the text?

    <p>Decreased H+ in arterial blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does metabolic acidosis affect central chemoreceptors?

    <p>Stimulates them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the respiratory system to increase ventilation of venous return?

    <p>Skeletal muscles and joints exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG) in the medulla?

    <p>To stimulate the abdominal and internal intercostal muscles during deep expiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Pneumotaxic center in the upper pons?

    <p>To inhibit the inspiratory neurons in the DRG and shorten the duration of inspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the Hering-Breuer reflex on the respiratory center?

    <p>It inhibits the inspiratory center, decreasing the duration of inspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a source of afferent input that regulates the function of the respiratory center?

    <p>Proprioceptors in the respiratory muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Apneustic center in the lower pons?

    <p>To stimulate the inspiratory neurons in the DRG and prolong the duration of inspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during the Hering-Breuer reflex?

    <p>Lung stretch → Stimulation of stretch receptors → Inhibition of inspiratory center → Decreased duration of inspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the inhibition of the Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG) on the respiratory system?

    <p>It leads to relaxation of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles, resulting in expiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the medullary centers in the control of respiration?

    <p>Generate the basic rhythm of respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Pontine centers in the control of respiration?

    <p>They modulate the respiratory rhythm generated by the medullary centers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the peripheral chemoreceptors in the control of respiration?

    <p>To detect changes in arterial $P_{O_2}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the peripheral chemoreceptors respond to hypoxia (low $P_{O_2})?

    <p>They increase their firing rate, stimulating increased ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ventilatory response to an increase in arterial $P_{CO_2}$?

    <p>Ventilation increases to eliminate the excess $CO_2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG) in the control of respiration?

    <p>To coordinate the activity of the respiratory muscles during expiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that decreases arterial PO2?

    <p>Metabolic acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum effect of a decrease in arterial PO2 on ventilation?

    <p>5 to 6 times increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the effect of increased arterial PCO2 is correct?

    <p>It has a maximum effect of an 11 times increase in ventilation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for the more powerful response to increased arterial PCO2?

    <p>Central chemoreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum effect of an increase in arterial H+ concentration on ventilation?

    <p>4 times increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the medullary centers in control of respiration?

    <p>Describing the role of pontine centers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is correct regarding the stimulation of peripheral chemoreceptors?

    <p>They are stimulated by hypoxia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that increases arterial PCO2?

    <p>Metabolic alkalosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum effect of an increase in arterial H+ concentration on ventilation compared to the effect of an increase in arterial PCO2?

    <p>Less than the effect of increased PCO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

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