Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the significance of BMP factors in the development of neural crest cells?
What is the significance of BMP factors in the development of neural crest cells?
What characterizes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process?
What characterizes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process?
Which cellular characteristic is NOT typically associated with cells undergoing EMT?
Which cellular characteristic is NOT typically associated with cells undergoing EMT?
What is a potential consequence of neural crest cells transitioning back to an epithelial morphology, known as MET?
What is a potential consequence of neural crest cells transitioning back to an epithelial morphology, known as MET?
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In the context of cancer, how does the EMT process affect neoplastic epithelial cells?
In the context of cancer, how does the EMT process affect neoplastic epithelial cells?
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Which of the following statements about neural crest cell migration is true?
Which of the following statements about neural crest cell migration is true?
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What is one of the main roles of transcription factors in neural crest cells undergoing EMT?
What is one of the main roles of transcription factors in neural crest cells undergoing EMT?
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Which of the following cell types is NOT typically derived from neural crest cells?
Which of the following cell types is NOT typically derived from neural crest cells?
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What is the primary role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in pertaining to neural crest cells?
What is the primary role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in pertaining to neural crest cells?
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Which cell type is primarily responsible for myelination in the peripheral nervous system?
Which cell type is primarily responsible for myelination in the peripheral nervous system?
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Which of the following tissues is NOT derived from the neural crest?
Which of the following tissues is NOT derived from the neural crest?
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What broad difference exists between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
What broad difference exists between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
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Which signaling pathway has been shown to affect neural crest cell development through the Endothelin receptor B?
Which signaling pathway has been shown to affect neural crest cell development through the Endothelin receptor B?
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In the context of EMT, how can this process impact cancer progression?
In the context of EMT, how can this process impact cancer progression?
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What does the cKit gene mainly influence in relation to neural crest cells?
What does the cKit gene mainly influence in relation to neural crest cells?
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What is the primary function of the EDNRB gene in relation to Overo lethal white foal syndrome?
What is the primary function of the EDNRB gene in relation to Overo lethal white foal syndrome?
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How does the binding of endothelin-3 to EDNRB affect neural crest cells?
How does the binding of endothelin-3 to EDNRB affect neural crest cells?
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Which of the following correctly describes the role of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?
Which of the following correctly describes the role of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?
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What consequence does a mutation in the Ednrb gene have on animal pigmentation?
What consequence does a mutation in the Ednrb gene have on animal pigmentation?
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What is one of the roles of EDN-3/EDNRB signaling in developing organisms?
What is one of the roles of EDN-3/EDNRB signaling in developing organisms?
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What role does myelination play in the function of neurons?
What role does myelination play in the function of neurons?
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In relation to cancer, what role does epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) serve?
In relation to cancer, what role does epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) serve?
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Study Notes
Neural Crest Cells
- Neural crest cells originate from the neuroectoderm at the edges of the neural folds
- They detach (delaminate) from the neural tube
- Undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)
- Migrate to various locations forming a wide range of structures
- Guided by signaling from the surface ectoderm (mediated by BMP factors)
- Migrate extensively through the embryo
- Develop into a wide range of structures
- Migrate in a cranial-to-caudal wave along the neural axis
- Changes in cell adhesiveness are influenced by changes in cell adhesion molecule expression
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT)
- An important cellular process in embryos and cancer
- Epithelial cells transition to a mesenchymal cell phenotype
- Crucial in neural crest cell development
- Neural crest cells transition from a neuroectodermal epithelial phenotype to a migratory mesenchymal cell type
- Involves changes in expression of genes involved in cell adhesion (like cadherin proteins), and cell-cell junction formation
Neural Crest Derivatives
- Connective tissues of the head (bone, cartilage, dermis)
- Cells within the outflow region of the heart
- Pigment cells (melanocytes)
- Adrenal medulla (adrenal chromaffin cells)
- Parafollicular cells (C cells) of the thyroid
- Sensory and autonomic neurons of the peripheral nervous system
- Enteric nervous system neurons
- Elements of the inner ear
Neural Crest Cells and Migration
- Neural crest cells migrate through the embryo, guided by extracellular matrix components.
- Extrinsic signals from the environment modulate neural crest cell identity and behavior
- Intrinsic properties of neural crest cells also influence development
- Defects in neural crest migration can result in developmental abnormalities
Myelination
- Schwann cells myelinate axons in the peripheral nervous system
- Oligodendrocytes myelinate axons in the central nervous system
- Myelination increases the speed of nerve impulse transmission
- Myelin is a lipid-rich substance forming concentric layers around axons
- Myelination is essential for the development of function in the nervous system
Overo Lethal White Syndrome (OLWS)
- Caused by mutations in the endothelin receptor B (EDNRB) gene
- Leads to neural crest cell defects, including melanocytes and intestinal ganglia
- Results in white coat color and aganglionosis of intestinal intramural ganglia (immotility, death)
Endothelin Receptor B (EDNRB)
- A G-protein coupled cell membrane receptor expressed by various neural crest cells
- Influenced by the ligand endothelin-3 (EDN-3)
- Mutations in EDNRB can affect neural crest development (pigmentation, intestinal ganglia)
Inner Ear Development
- Neural crest cells contribute to inner ear development
- Defects in neural crest migration can lead to deafness in some species.
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Description
This quiz explores the origin and development of neural crest cells, including their role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). It covers key processes such as delamination, migration, and the influence of signaling molecules on cell behavior. Test your knowledge on these critical concepts related to embryonic development.
