Neural Control and Coordination Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of coordination in the body?

To slow down the response of organs

To enhance the independence of organ systems

To maintain homeostasis through organ interactions (correct)

To separate the functions of different organs

During physical exercise, which of the following functions increases to support increased muscular activity?

Decreased heart rate

Decreased oxygen supply

Reduced blood flow to muscles

Increased respiratory rate (correct)

Which parts comprise the central neural system (CNS)?

Brain and spinal cord (correct)

Nerves and ganglia

Afferent and efferent fibers

Neurons and hormones

What type of nerve fibers transmit impulses from tissues to the CNS?

Afferent fibers Signup and view all the answers

Which system complements the neural system in coordinating body functions?

Endocrine system Signup and view all the answers

How is the neural system organized in lower invertebrates like Hydra?

Composed of a simple network of neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the efferent nerve fibers?

To conduct regulatory impulses from the CNS Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the human neural system from those of lower organisms?

Development of a complex brain and spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the somatic neural system?

Relaying impulses to skeletal muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the neuron contains organelles and Nissl's granules?

Cell body Signup and view all the answers

What are the gaps between two adjacent myelin sheaths called?

Nodes of Ranvier Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neuron has one axon and one dendrite?

Bipolar Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of neurotransmitters in the neuron?

They are involved in synaptic transmission. Signup and view all the answers

In which type of neurons are myelinated nerve fibers typically found?

Spinal and cranial nerves Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about unmyelinated nerve fibers is correct?

They have Schwann cells that do not form a myelin sheath. Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the PNS transmits impulses to involuntary organs?

Autonomic neural system Signup and view all the answers

Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Neural Control and Coordination

Body organ systems must coordinate to maintain homeostasis. Organs interact and complement each other.
Example: Physical exercise increases energy demand, oxygen supply, and thus respiration, heartbeat and blood flow rate. When exercise stops, these functions return to normal.
Neural and endocrine systems coordinate bodily functions.

Neural System

Highly specialized cells (neurons) detect, receive and transmit stimuli in all animals.
Lower invertebrates have simple neural networks (e.g., Hydra).
Insects have more complex systems with a brain and ganglia.
Vertebrates have the most developed neural systems.

Human Neural System

Divided into:
- Central Neural System (CNS): Brain and spinal cord, responsible for information processing and control.
- Peripheral Neural System (PNS): All nerves connecting to CNS.
  - Nerve fibers are:
    - Afferent: Transmit impulses from tissues/organs to the CNS.
    - Efferent: Transmit impulses from the CNS to peripheral tissues/organs.
  - Further divided into:
    - Somatic Neural System: Relays impulses to skeletal muscles.
    - Autonomic Neural System: Transmits impulses to involuntary organs and smooth muscles - further divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
  - Visceral nervous system: Complex of nerves, fibers, ganglia, and plexuses connecting CNS to viscera.

Neuron Structure and Function

Neurons are composed of:
- Cell body: Contains cytoplasm and Nissl's granules.
- Dendrites: Branching fibers projecting from the cell body, transmitting impulses towards the cell body.
- Axon: Long fiber transmitting impulses away from the cell body. Axons branch into synaptic knobs, which contain neurotransmitters in vesicles.

Neuron Types

Classified by the number of axons and dendrites:
- Multipolar: One axon, two or more dendrites (cerebral cortex).
- Bipolar: One axon, one dendrite (retina).
- Unipolar: One axon, one cell body (embryonic stage).

Axon Types

Myelinated: Enveloped by Schwann cells forming a myelin sheath; gaps between myelin are nodes of Ranvier. Found in spinal and cranial nerves.
Unmyelinated: Schwann cells do not form a myelin sheath; common in the autonomic and somatic neural systems.

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Description

Test your understanding of neural control and coordination in the human body. This quiz covers essential concepts about the neural system, including its divisions and functions. Explore how the neural and endocrine systems work together to maintain homeostasis during physical activities.