Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the hop counter in the packet header?
What is the primary function of the hop counter in the packet header?
Which type of routing algorithm does not take into account current traffic and topology measurements?
Which type of routing algorithm does not take into account current traffic and topology measurements?
What is the name of the algorithm used in shortest path routing to find the shortest path from a source to all other destinations?
What is the name of the algorithm used in shortest path routing to find the shortest path from a source to all other destinations?
What type of routing is characterized by changing routing decisions based on changes in topology and traffic?
What type of routing is characterized by changing routing decisions based on changes in topology and traffic?
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What is the name of the routing algorithm that sends a packet along all possible paths?
What is the name of the routing algorithm that sends a packet along all possible paths?
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What is the primary goal of Distance Vector routing algorithms?
What is the primary goal of Distance Vector routing algorithms?
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What is an example of a dynamic routing algorithm?
What is an example of a dynamic routing algorithm?
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What algorithm is used to develop Distance Vector routing?
What algorithm is used to develop Distance Vector routing?
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What is the primary problem with Distance Vector routing algorithms?
What is the primary problem with Distance Vector routing algorithms?
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What is the purpose of each router maintaining a table in Distance Vector routing?
What is the purpose of each router maintaining a table in Distance Vector routing?
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What is the limitation of RIP in Distance Vector routing?
What is the limitation of RIP in Distance Vector routing?
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What replaced Distance Vector routing due to its limitations?
What replaced Distance Vector routing due to its limitations?
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What is the primary function of the routing table?
What is the primary function of the routing table?
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What is the main advantage of dynamic routing over static routing?
What is the main advantage of dynamic routing over static routing?
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What type of routing is used for large organizations?
What type of routing is used for large organizations?
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What is the purpose of the default router?
What is the purpose of the default router?
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What is the primary function of the routing algorithm?
What is the primary function of the routing algorithm?
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What are the two major classes of routing algorithms?
What are the two major classes of routing algorithms?
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Study Notes
Routing Algorithms
- Routing algorithms can be classified into two major categories: non-adaptive (static routing) and adaptive (dynamic routing)
Non-Adaptive Algorithms (Static Routing)
- Do not base routing decisions on current traffic and topology measurements or estimates
- Are called static algorithms
- Examples: Flooding routing and Shortest path routing
Flooding Routing
- A simple local technique, where each router makes decisions based on local knowledge, not the complete picture of the network
- Sends a packet along all paths, except the one it arrived on
- Generates infinite duplicate packets unless measures are taken to damp the process
- One measure is to use a hop counter in the packet header, which is decremented at each hop and discarded when the counter reaches zero
Shortest Path Routing
- First developed by Dijkstra's algorithm
- Finds the shortest path from a specified source to all other destinations in the network
- Labels on lines can be computed as a function of distance, bandwidth, average traffic, communication cost, measured delay, and other factors
Adaptive Algorithms (Dynamic Routing)
- Change routing decisions to reflect changes in the topology and usually the traffic
- Examples: Distance Vector Routing and Link State Routing
Distance Vector Routing
- An intra-domain protocol, used inside an Autonomous System, but not between Autonomous Systems
- Based on the least-cost goal
- Developed by Bellman-Ford algorithm, using the Bellman equation to find the least cost (shortest distance) between a source and destination
- Each router maintains a table giving the best known distance to each destination
- Tables are updated by exchanging information with neighboring routers
- Every router knows the best link to reach each destination
- RIP (Routing Information Protocol) is based on distance vector routing, sharing knowledge about the entire AS with its neighbors at regular intervals
Link State Routing
- Replaced distance vector routing due to its slow convergence and count-to-infinity problem
- The idea behind link state routing is simple and can be stated as five parts
Routing
- Forwarding of packets from one network to another, choosing the best path from the routing table
- Routing table consists of only the best routes for every destination
Types of Routing
- Static routing: configured by an administrator manually, secure, and fast, used for small organizations with 10-15 routers
- Dynamic routing: automatically learns paths of destinations by receiving periodic updates from other routers, is secure, and used for large organizations
Default Routing
- Configured for unknown destinations
- When there is no entry for the destination network in a routing table, the router will forward the packet to its default router
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Description
Learn about the differences between static and dynamic routing algorithms in computer networks, including flooding and shortest path routing techniques.
