Networking Standards and SLAs Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following accurately describes a characteristic of circuit-switched WAN technologies?

They establish a dedicated connection through the entire transmission. (correct)

They use a frame-based architecture for data transfer.

They transmit multiple signals simultaneously over various channels.

They segment data into packets that share bandwidth.

What defines Layer 2 protocols in WAN technology?

They only operate over broadband connections.

They encapsulate data into frames and handle error correction. (correct)

They manage the physical transmission of signals over optical fiber.

They govern the end-to-end connections between two devices.

Which of the following statements about Service Level Agreements (SLAs) is true?

SLAs eliminate the need for a structured network architecture.

SLAs are applicable only when using a single service provider.

SLAs guarantee the highest speed for data transmission regardless of network conditions.

SLAs dictate the maximum allowable downtime for network services. (correct)

Which technology allows multiple data, voice, and video communications over optical fiber?

SDH/SONET Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of frame relay technology in WANs?

It is designed for interconnecting multiple enterprise LANs. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of WAN technologies, which one is primarily associated with packet switching?

ATM Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following WAN technologies segments data into packets for shared network routing?

Ethernet WAN Signup and view all the answers

What role do recognized authorities like TIA/EIA, ISO, and IEEE play in WAN standards?

They facilitate the development and management of protocol standards. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of connection technology primarily uses a cell-based architecture?

ATM Signup and view all the answers

Which WAN topology connects two endpoints directly without any intermediaries?

Point-to-Point Topology Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of a private WAN?

Guaranteed service level Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following WAN topologies typically involves multiple interconnected devices with redundant paths?

Partially Meshed Topology Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern with a public WAN connection compared to a private WAN?

Variable service levels and security Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of a Service Level Agreement (SLA) for WANs?

Peak usage periods Signup and view all the answers

What is a major advantage of wired options compared to wireless options for WAN connectivity?

Wired options offer less latency and reduced error rates. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of DSL technology offers higher download speeds compared to upload speeds?

Asymmetric DSL (ADSL) Signup and view all the answers

What role does the DSL access multiplexer (DSLAM) play in a DSL connection?

It connects multiple DSL users to a broadband internet connection. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can adversely affect the performance of wireless connections?

Distance from radio towers Signup and view all the answers

In which situation might a DSL connection perform poorly?

When the distance is far from the central office Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Symmetric DSL (SDSL)?

Same capacity in both upload and download directions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a disadvantage of using wireless options for WAN connectivity?

Potential susceptibility to environmental factors. Signup and view all the answers

What technology allows for high-speed internet on existing telephone lines?

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Signup and view all the answers

For whom is the connection between the DSL modem and DSLAM essential?

DSL subscribers Signup and view all the answers

What is a common application of fiber in wired WAN connections?

High-capacity terrestrial communications Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding DSL connections?

Each user has a separate direct connection to the DSLAM. Signup and view all the answers

What is one function of the PPP protocol in broadband DSL?

To assign public IPv4 addresses to subscribers. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS) serve in a cable internet connection?

It handles communication between cable modems and the headend. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Data over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) standard enable?

High-bandwidth data transmission over cable systems. Signup and view all the answers

How does adding more users in a cable internet service typically affect performance?

Available bandwidth may decrease as users increase. Signup and view all the answers

Which deployment method for PPP over Ethernet allows the router to act as the PPPoE client?

Router PPPoE Client. Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a feature of PPP in broadband connections?

Direct communication with the ISP. Signup and view all the answers

What do optical nodes convert in a cable internet system?

RF signals to light pulses. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of DSL over cable in terms of user connections?

Each user maintains a separate connection that does not impact others. Signup and view all the answers

What might happen if a user in a cable service is connected to a heavily loaded network?

User may face increased latency and decreased speed. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of a dual-carrier WAN connection?

Increased redundancy and network availability Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes a service level agreement (SLA)?

It outlines the expected services regarding connection reliability and availability Signup and view all the answers

In a single-carrier WAN configuration, how many service providers does an organization connect with?

One Signup and view all the answers

What might indicate a need for network evolution within an organization?

Expansion of workforce and operations Signup and view all the answers

What role does a carrier play in the WAN connection?

Owning and maintaining physical connections and equipment Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential drawback of relying on a single-carrier WAN?

Risk of network outages if the provider experiences issues Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a dual-carrier connection?

Higher likelihood of internet speed optimization Signup and view all the answers

What factor could necessitate changes in an organization’s WAN?

Changes in business size and operations Signup and view all the answers

How do organizations typically handle service level agreements when using a dual-carrier WAN?

Negotiating separate SLAs with each provider Signup and view all the answers

Which situation is most likely to lead an organization to seek a dual-carrier WAN solution?

The organization requires high availability and fault tolerance Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Service Level Agreements (SLAs)

Separate SLAs are negotiated with different service providers for redundancy and availability.
SLAs outline expected services, reliability, and connection availability.

Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)

Site-to-site and remote access VPNs secure internet connections for global employee and facility access.

Wide Area Network (WAN) Standards

Modern WAN standards managed by TIA/EIA, ISO, and IEEE.
Layer 1 optical fiber protocols include SDH, SONET, and DWDM.
Layer 2 protocols encapsulate data into frames with technologies like Ethernet WAN, MPLS, and PPP.

Communication Types

Serial communication sends bits sequentially, while parallel communication transmits multiple bits simultaneously.
Circuit-switched technologies commonly used include PSTN and ISDN.
Packet-switched technologies include Ethernet WAN and MPLS.

Optical Fiber Standards

SDH/SONET standards enable simultaneous data, voice, and video communications over long distances.

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

DSL is a high-speed, always-on technology utilizing existing phone lines.
Categorized into Asymmetric DSL (ADSL) for higher download speeds and Symmetric DSL (SDSL) for equal upload/download speeds.
DSL performances depend on the local loop's length and cable condition.

DSL Connections

DSL modems convert Ethernet signals to DSL signals sent to a DSL access multiplexer (DSLAM) at the provider's location.
Each user has a unique connection to the DSLAM, preventing performance degradation as more users connect.

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

Used for broadband DSL connections, facilitating authentication and public IPv4 address assignment.
PPPoE can be implemented via host or router, enabling communication with the DSL modem and ISP.

Cable Technology

Cable technology delivers high-speed internet via coaxial cables, governed by DOCSIS standards.
Local subscribers share bandwidth, which can decrease as user numbers increase.

WAN Connection Types

Single-carrier WAN connections use one service provider, whereas dual-carrier WAN connections enhance redundancy and reliability.

Network Growth and Adaptability

WAN networks must evolve with changing business needs to maintain efficient operations.

Private vs. Public WANs

Private WANs offer guaranteed service levels, consistent bandwidth, and increased security for a single customer.
Public WANs, provided by ISPs, may vary in service levels and are less secure due to shared connections.

WAN Topologies

Common WAN topologies include:
- Point-to-Point Topology
- Hub-and-Spoke Topology
- Dual-homed Topology
- Fully and Partially Meshed Topologies
Larger networks often implement combinations of these topologies for efficiency and resilience.

Point-to-Point Topology

Features a direct connection between two endpoints, utilizing Layer 2 transport services through the provider network.

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Description

Test your knowledge on service level agreements (SLAs) and modern WAN standards. This quiz covers topics including VPNs, optical fiber protocols, and relevant authorities like TIA/EIA, ISO, and IEEE. Join in to enhance your understanding of networking protocols and connectivity.