Networking Protocols and Functions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which protocol is responsible for handling the sending of emails?

  • SMTP (correct)
  • IMAP
  • HTTP
  • POP3

    • What function does the DNS protocol serve in relation to URLs?

  • Transfers files
  • Finds the IP address associated with a URL (correct)
  • Verifies transmission errors
  • Encrypts email

    • In which layer of the TCP/IP model does TCP operate?

  • Link Layer
  • Transport Layer (correct)
  • Network Layer
  • Application Layer

    • Which of the following protocols is used for transferring files?

    <p>FTP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Link Layer play in network communication?

    <p>Synchronizes devices and controls physical characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action does HTTP perform when you request a website?

    <p>Transmits the request to the Transport Layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol is utilized for network management information exchange?

    <p>SNMP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer is primarily responsible for creating and routing packets over the network?

    <p>Network Layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the protocol used in Ethernet?

    <p>To control the movement of frames and avoid collisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a BitTorrent network, what role does a leech play?

    <p>They download files without contributing uploads.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major advantage of circuit switching?

    <p>Provides a dedicated channel for the entire transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to data in the transport layer before it is sent?

    <p>It is broken down into smaller pieces called packets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of packet switching?

    <p>Establishes a fixed communication line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a tracker function in the BitTorrent protocol?

    <p>It keeps records of all peers and parts of the file they have.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of circuit switching?

    <p>The circuit is always reserved even if not in use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What purpose does a setter serve in a class?

    <p>To update the value of a class's property.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential issue with packet loss during packet switching?

    <p>The sender must resend lost packets, which is time-consuming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the XOR gate in a full adder circuit?

    <p>To generate the sum output from two bits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about SR flip-flops?

    <p>They become unstable when both R and S inputs are 1.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does polymorphism allow in a derived class?

    <p>To redefine methods from the superclass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of flip-flop circuits, what occurs when both J and K inputs of a JK flip-flop are 1?

    <p>The output toggles its state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a packet when its hop number reaches zero at a router?

    <p>It is deleted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the role of TCP in data transmission?

    <p>Manages a connection until the data exchange is complete.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the architecture of RICS differ from CISC?

    <p>RICS has a larger number of simple instructions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the packet header in data transmission?

    <p>To store the source and destination IP addresses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage in the pipelining process involves the CPU decoding an instruction?

    <p>Instruction Decode (ID)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between CISC and RICS regarding execution time?

    <p>CISC has slower execution time due to complex instructions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function of IP is primarily related to routing?

    <p>Routing the packets around the network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of SMTP in the TCP/IP protocol suite?

    <p>To send emails through servers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'pipelining' refer to in instruction execution?

    <p>Breaking down instruction execution into simpler parallel steps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protocols allow emails to remain on the server after being downloaded?

    <p>IMAP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of addressing does the Internet Layer utilize in the TCP/IP model?

    <p>Logical addressing with unique IP addresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol is primarily responsible for ensuring reliable data delivery?

    <p>TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does CSMA/CD stand for, and in what context is it used?

    <p>Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection, used in wired networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Link Layer in the TCP/IP protocol suite?

    <p>To manage the physical transmission of data frames over network hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol would be used to transfer files between computers?

    <p>FTP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method does CSMA/CA use to avoid data collisions in wireless networks?

    <p>Wait a random amount of time before transmitting when another device is detected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes delays in the performance of pipelined processors?

    <p>Complex instruction sets needing more clock cycles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of precise interrupt handling in pipelined processors?

    <p>Reduces the number of instructions to be re-executed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes MIMD architecture?

    <p>Multiple instructions executed by multiple processors on different data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of massively parallel computers?

    <p>Processors are interconnected in a network structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'scalability' refer to in parallel processing?

    <p>The ease of adding additional processors for complex computations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the operation of SIMD?

    <p>Multiple processors execute the same instruction on multiple data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does forwarding help in pipelining?

    <p>By providing results of a prior instruction to the current stage without waiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of parallel processing?

    <p>Increased efficiency by executing multitasks simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Data Representation

    • User-defined data types are categorized as composite and non-composite
    • Composite types include record data types, set data types, and classes
    • Record data types consist of different data types and are used when multiple values need to be stored in a variable
    • Set data types allow programs to create sets and apply mathematical operations. All elements in a set are unique
    • Classes are used in object-oriented programming and include variables and functions

    Non-Composite Data Types

    • Enumerate data types define a list of possible values and allow comparisons between countable values
    • Pointer data types relate to the type of variables using the syntax TYPE = ^<TYPE> and represent a pointer

    File Organisation

    • Serial files store data in a defined order, with new data added to the end, which may require going through every record
    • Serial files are good for temporary storage and straightforward tasks
    • Serial files are cost-effective but are difficult to access quickly
    • Sequential files provide data integrity and less redundancy. New records are placed in the correct order, with key fields already ordered. Accessing the record is easier with binary search
    • Sequential files are easier to access but still need to traverse every record
    • Direct access files have an index of a key field to speed up access
    • Binary files can be stored using hashing algorithms on a key field

    File Types

    • Text files, binary files, random files, and direct access files are examples of file types
    • Random files store records randomly yet are accessed directly, using hashing algorithms on key fields

    Floating Point

    • Floating-point representation uses mantissa and exponent
    • The leftmost bit in a mantissa represents negative or positive value
    • The left side of the decimal represents the exponent which is either negative or positive
    • The normalization involves shifting the decimal to the right or left to obtain 1.xxxxx form. Positive fractions start with .1 and negative with 1.0

    Turning Fractions into Binary

    • Fractions are converted to binary representation by multiplying the fraction by 2 repeatedly, taking the integer and the fractional part
    • The integer part is the bit for the binary value.
    • The fractional part is used in the next iteration

    Why Data Stores in Normalized form?

    • To store maximum range of numbers in minimum bits

    Properties of Binary Representation

    • Binary representation is an approximation to real numbers
    • It is a fixed length representation, hence it cannot store very large numbers
    • Binary representation can't exactly represent numbers like 0.2 or 0.4 due to bits being lost during rounding error if there is not enough bits

    Overflow and Underflow

    • Overflow occurs if the result is too large to be represented with the available bits
    • Underflow occurs if the result is too small to represent with the available bits

    OUTPUT

    • Output values are represented by greater values, increasing the difference between the output result and the actual result
    • The output amount is significant enough to be represented in binary

    TCP/IP Protocols

    • TCP/IP has four layers (Application, Transport, Internet, and Link) to transfer data between computers
    • Application layer uses protocols like SMTP, POP3, IMAP, HTTP for tasks like email, web browsing, etc
    • Transport layer protocols like TCP or UDP ensure reliable data transfer and control flow
    • Internet layer protocols like IP provide logical addressing and routing
    • Link layer manages the physical connection and transmission between devices on the network

    Link Layer - Collision

    • CSMA/CA and CSMA/CD are used to prevent data collisions when multiple devices transmit data on a network simultaneously
    • CSMA/CA: Devices on a wireless network listen to the network before transmitting to prevent collisions by waiting a random amount of time before transmitting again.
    • CSMA/CD: Devices on a wired network listen to the network during transmission. If a collision is detected, both devices stop transmitting and wait a random amount of time before resuming

    HTTP, SMTP, POP3, IMAP, DNS, FTP, RIP, SNMP

    • Protocols for transmitting data in network communications

    Hardware Types

    • CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computing) has a large number of complex instructions. Complex and lengthy instructions are used and execution takes longer compared to RISC processors
    • RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) has a small number of simple instructions. Simple and short instructions are used, but the execution is faster compared to CISC processors

    Pipelining

    • By breaking down instructions into smaller steps and executing them concurrently through different stages of the pipeline, pipelining improves processing speed in RISC processors
    • Difficulties arise when different instructions need different numbers of clock cycles in each step of the pipeline because some clock cycles may be idle between instruction processes
    • Interrupt handling in a pipelined processor may affect the pipeline flushing.

    Parallel Processing

    • Parallel processing allows multiple calculations to occur simultaneously across processors (Single Instruction - Single Data (SISD), Single Instruction - Multiple Data (SIMD), Multiple Instruction - Single Data (MISD), Multiple Instruction - Multiple Data (MIMD))
    • Methods of divide and conquer, assign work, and facilitate parallel processing are needed to efficiently handle massive calculations. Parallel processing is used for speed and scaling demands

    Massively Parallel Computers

    • Made up of many processors working together in a network structure
    • Scalability allows for continuous expansion of processors
    • Distributed memory provides efficient data sharing
    • Suitable for complex calculations.

    Virtual Machine

    • Virtual machines are software emulations enabling multiple operating systems to run on a single computer.
    • Provides flexibility in creating virtual servers and scaling infrastructure
    • Allows multiple operating systems to run on one machine without impacting physical hardware
    • Cons: Performance may be impacted due to extra software layers involved
    • Sharing CPU, memory, or storage can cause performance issues

    Differences Between RISC and CISC Processors

    • RISC processors have fixed-length instructions and fewer instructions, use general registers, and have a simpler circuit and fewer addressing modes
    • CISC processors have variable-length instructions and more instructions, use fewer general registers, and have a more complex circuit and more addressing modes

    Pipelining in RISC Processors

    • Instructions are divided into subtasks (IF, ID, OF, IE, WB)
    • Each subtask is completed during a clock cycle
    • Multiple instructions can execute concurrently by processing each instruction's subtasks during different clock cycles
    • Differences in the number of clock cycles for each instruction step may cause idle periods

    Massively Parallel Computing

    • Large numbers of processors work together
    • Communication between processors requires addressing
    • Suitable algorithms for parallel processing are needed

    Guest OS vs Host OS

    • Guest OS run within a VM created and managed by the underlying host OS
    • Host OS controls the physical hardware and manages resources for both itself and the guest OS
    • Guest OS translates requests from applications into instructions to the host OS, utilizing the VM to facilitate the translations.

    VM Roles

    • VM creates and manages a virtual machine
    • It facilitates the translation between instructions from a guest OS and the corresponding host OS instructions
    • Provides a hardware emulation environment

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    Related Documents

    CS Notes on Data Representation, File Organisation and Computers PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on various networking protocols and their functions with this quiz. From email sending protocols to the role of the Link Layer in communication, this quiz covers essential concepts in computer networking. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand the foundational elements of network communication.

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