Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of networking models?
What is the primary purpose of networking models?
- To categorize and provide a structure for networking protocols and standards. (correct)
- To limit the types of network devices that can be used.
- To reduce the number of network protocols.
- To complicate network troubleshooting.
Changes made in one layer of a network model always require modifications in other layers.
Changes made in one layer of a network model always require modifications in other layers.
False (B)
Name two common network models used in data communication.
Name two common network models used in data communication.
OSI Model, TCP/IP Model
The job of the ________ Layer is to translate between application and network formats.
The job of the ________ Layer is to translate between application and network formats.
Match the OSI model layer with its function:
Match the OSI model layer with its function:
Which OSI layer is responsible for identifying communication partners and synchronizing communication?
Which OSI layer is responsible for identifying communication partners and synchronizing communication?
The Session Layer is responsible for translating data formats between the application and the network.
The Session Layer is responsible for translating data formats between the application and the network.
What is the main function of the Transport Layer in the OSI model?
What is the main function of the Transport Layer in the OSI model?
__________ operates at Layer 3 of the OSI model.
__________ operates at Layer 3 of the OSI model.
Match the following layers with their corresponding Protocol Data Units (PDUs):
Match the following layers with their corresponding Protocol Data Units (PDUs):
In the OSI model, which layer is responsible for providing node-to-node connectivity and data transfer?
In the OSI model, which layer is responsible for providing node-to-node connectivity and data transfer?
The Physical Layer is only responsible for converting digital bits into radio signals for wireless connections.
The Physical Layer is only responsible for converting digital bits into radio signals for wireless connections.
Name the layer in the OSI model where digital bits are converted to electrical signals.
Name the layer in the OSI model where digital bits are converted to electrical signals.
The process of adding headers to data as it moves down the layers of the OSI model is called __________.
The process of adding headers to data as it moves down the layers of the OSI model is called __________.
Match the functions with the appropriate OSI layer:
Match the functions with the appropriate OSI layer:
What is the primary role of the presentation layer in the OSI model?
What is the primary role of the presentation layer in the OSI model?
The TCP/IP model has more layers than the OSI model.
The TCP/IP model has more layers than the OSI model.
Give an example of a Layer 7 (Application Layer) protocol.
Give an example of a Layer 7 (Application Layer) protocol.
Match each OSI Layer to the data type it handles.
Match each OSI Layer to the data type it handles.
Which layer in the OSI model manages and terminates connections between local and remote applications?
Which layer in the OSI model manages and terminates connections between local and remote applications?
Network engineers typically work directly with the top three layers (Application, Presentation, and Session) of the OSI model.
Network engineers typically work directly with the top three layers (Application, Presentation, and Session) of the OSI model.
What term describes the process of removing additional information from data as it moves up the layers of the OSI model?
What term describes the process of removing additional information from data as it moves up the layers of the OSI model?
The TCP/IP model is actually in use in __________ networks.
The TCP/IP model is actually in use in __________ networks.
Match the concept to the layer in the OSI model where it occurs.
Match the concept to the layer in the OSI model where it occurs.
What is a key function of the Network Layer in the OSI model?
What is a key function of the Network Layer in the OSI model?
The main purpose of the OSI model is to speed up network performance.
The main purpose of the OSI model is to speed up network performance.
What does PDU stand for in the context of the OSI model?
What does PDU stand for in the context of the OSI model?
The __________ layer defines how data is formatted for transmission over a physical medium.
The __________ layer defines how data is formatted for transmission over a physical medium.
Match the description to the correct layer of the OSI model.
Match the description to the correct layer of the OSI model.
Flashcards
Network Model
Network Model
Network models categorize and provide structure for networking.
Protocols
Protocols
A set of rules defining how network devices and software should work.
Why use Network Models?
Why use Network Models?
Breaks down complex systems into smaller, manageable parts, making troubleshooting and network design easier.
OSI Model
OSI Model
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Application Layer (OSI)
Application Layer (OSI)
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Encapsulation
Encapsulation
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De-encapsulation
De-encapsulation
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Presentation Layer (OSI)
Presentation Layer (OSI)
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Session Layer (OSI)
Session Layer (OSI)
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Transport Layer (OSI)
Transport Layer (OSI)
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Network Layer (OSI)
Network Layer (OSI)
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Data Link Layer (OSI)
Data Link Layer (OSI)
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Physical Layer (OSI)
Physical Layer (OSI)
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Protocol Data Units (PDUs)
Protocol Data Units (PDUs)
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TCP/IP Suite
TCP/IP Suite
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Study Notes
- Lecture 2 is an introduction to networking and should take 2 weeks
- The reference text is "Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach 7th edition" by Jim Kurose and Keith Ross, published by Pearson/Addison Wesley in April 2016
Network Model
- Networking models categorize and structure networking protocols and standards
- A network model is a logical structure
- Protocols set the rules for how network devices and software work
Why use a network model?
- Breaks down complex systems into smaller, manageable parts
- Each layer has a specific function, which makes troubleshooting and network design easier
- Diagnosing problems by layer reduces complexity
- Changes in one layer do not require modifications in others
Network Models
- OSI Model is a network reference model
- TCP/IP Model is a network reference model
OSI Model
- Stands for 'Open Systems Interconnection' model
- It is a conceptual model that categorizes and standardizes network functions
- Created by the 'International Organization for Standardization' (ISO)
- Consists of seven layers that work together
- Layer 7: Application
- Layer 6: Presentation
- Layer 5: Session
- Layer 4: Transport
- Layer 3: Network
- Layer 2: Data Link
- Layer 1: Physical
OSI Model - Application Layer
- Closest to the end user
- Interacts with software applications like web browsers
- HTTP and HTTPS are Layer 7 protocols
- Functions include identifying communication partners and synchronizing communication
Encapsulation and De-encapsulation
- Each layer adds to the original data during encapsulation
- Each layer removes additional information during de-encapsulation
OSI Model Layers Continued
- Upper layers are Application, Presentation and Session Layers
- Network engineers do not often work with the top 3 layers
- Application developers work with these top layers to connect their applications over networks
Transport Layer
- Segments and reassembles data for communications between end hosts
- Breaks large pieces of data into smaller segments for easier network transmission
- Reduces transmission problems if errors occur
- Provides host-to-host communication
Network Layer
- Provides connectivity between end hosts on different networks (outside the LAN)
- Provides logical addressing (IP addresses)
- Provides path selection between source and destination
- Routers operate at Layer 3
Data Link Layer
- Provides node-to-node connectivity and data transfer
- Examples include PC to switch or router to router
- Defines how data is formatted for transmission over a physical medium e.g. copper UTP cables
- Detects and (possibly) corrects Physical Layer errors
- Uses Layer 2 addressing, separate from Layer 3 addressing
- Switches operate at Layer 2
Physical Layer
- Defines physical characteristics of the medium used to transfer data between devices
- Includes voltage levels, maximum transmission distances, physical connectors, and cable specifications
- Digital bits are converted into electrical (wired) or radio (wireless) signals
- Cables and pin layouts apply to the Physical Layer
OSI Model - PDUs
- Protocol Data Units
- Layer 1 PDU is a Bit
- Data becomes a frame
TCP/IP Suite
- Conceptual model and set of communications protocols used in the Internet and other networks
- Named after TCP/IP, its two foundational protocols
- Developed by the United States Department of Defense through DARPA
- Similar structure to the OSI Model, but with fewer layers
- Used in modern networks
- The OSI model influences how network engineers think about networks
OSI Model vs TCP/IP Suite
- The Application, Presentation, and Session layers of the OSI model correspond to the Application Layer of the TCP/IP suite
Communication Process
- Process to Process Communication across the network
- Transmission across routers and switches over Ethernet
Lab 3
- Use
ipconfig/releaseandipconfig/renewcommands to diagnose networks and configure network adaptor
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