Questions and Answers
Which of the following are features of IPv4? (Select all that apply)
What are some shortcomings of IPv4? (Select all that apply)
What types of devices support IPv4?
PCs, Servers, Modems, Routers, Printers, Cameras, Smart Phones, Tablets, Gaming Systems
IPv6 provides a platform for future Internet functionality.
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What can switch ports be grouped based on in network security? (Select all that apply)
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What is an OSI model?
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How many layers does the OSI model have?
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What does OSI stand for?
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What is the main purpose of the Physical Layer in the OSI model?
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What are the two sub-layers of the Data Link Layer?
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What is the main function of the Transport Layer?
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What defines an IP address?
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What are the three formats in which IP addresses can be displayed?
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Which classes of IP address are the most important?
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Class D addresses are used for unicast communications.
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What does NAT stand for?
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What does subnetting enable a network administrator to do?
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What is the function of a subnet mask?
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Study Notes
Network Models
- The OSI model stands for Open Systems Interconnection and provides a standard for diverse communication systems to interact using defined protocols.
- The OSI model divides networking tasks into seven distinct layers, ensuring manageability and specific functionalities.
OSI Model Layers
- Physical Layer: Defines electrical/physical specifications for devices, including cabling, connectors, and signaling methods.
- Data Link Layer: Facilitates data transfer and error detection; incorporates Media Access Control (MAC) and Logical Link Control (LLC) sub-layers.
- Network Layer: Responsible for routing data packets across networks by maintaining quality of service, including fragmentation and error reporting.
- Transport Layer: Ensures reliable end-to-end communication through flow control, segmentation, and error correction.
- Session Layer: Manages dialogues between computers, handling connection establishment, maintenance, and termination.
- Presentation Layer: Transforms data to ensure compatibility between different application formats, including encryption.
- Application Layer: The interface closest to users, responsible for resource synchronization and communication partner identification.
TCP/IP Model
- The Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) consists of five layers, compressing OSI's functionalities into fewer layers.
- Layers include a combined Application Layer, Transport Layer, Internet Layer (Network), Link Layer (Data Link), and Physical Layer.
- TCP/IP facilitates hierarchical protocol interaction, where upper-layer protocols rely on lower-level protocols.
IP Addressing
- An IP address is a 32-bit unique identifier for network interfaces, consisting of a network portion and a host portion.
- Three notation formats for IP addresses include Binary, Hexadecimal, and Dotted Decimal.
IP Address Classes
- Class A: Supports large networks, ranging from 0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255.
- Class B: Designed for medium to large networks, ranging from 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255.
- Class C: Used for smaller networks, ranging from 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255.
- Class D: Reserved for multicast addresses, ranging from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255.
- Class E: Experimental addresses, reserved for future use.
Public vs Private IP Addresses
- Public IP Address: Routable on the internet, assigned by Internet Service Providers (ISPs).
- Private IP Address: Used within local networks, not routable on the internet.
IP Address Conversion Techniques
- Network Address Translation (NAT): Maps private IP addresses to public ones, allowing multiple devices to share a single public IP.
- Port Address Translation (PAT): Maps private IP addresses to public addresses with different port numbers to allow multiple connections.
Subnetting and Subnet Masks
- Subnetting divides a network into smaller segments for better management.
- A subnet mask is a 32-bit number helping to distinguish network and host portions of an IP address, expressed in dotted-decimal.
Journey to IP Versions
- IPv4: The current standard, utilizing 32-bit addressing.
- IPv6: Developed to replace IPv4, offering 128-bit addressing and enhanced security features.
Network Security
- Switch ports can be grouped based on application type, access privilege, and resource restrictions into secured VLANs.
- Enhanced security can be achieved using router access lists defined by station addresses and protocols.
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Description
Explore the critical concepts of network models including the OSI and TCP/IP models in this quiz. Understand the complexities of communication subsystems and their hardware and software components. Perfect for students studying BIT 368.
