Networking Fundamentals Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which role would focus on ensuring a cost-effective design in network systems?

  • Application programmer
  • Network operator
  • System administrator
  • Network designer (correct)
  • What type of networking involves the use of a telephone system?

  • Direct links
  • Circuit switched (correct)
  • Store-and-forward
  • Packet switched
  • Which of the following describes the method for interconnecting networks?

  • Circuit switched
  • Store-and-forward
  • Direct links
  • Router (correct)
  • What is a primary challenge in providing network connectivity?

    <p>Defining addresses for nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which connection method is characterized by its ability to handle multiple users simultaneously?

    <p>Multiple-access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command is used to establish a server in the basic bandwidth test using iPerf?

    <p>iperf -s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option demonstrates how to limit bandwidth usage to 100 megabits per second in an iPerf test?

    <p>iperf -c -b 100m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of iPerf, which command is used to change the interval to 10 seconds?

    <p>iperf -c -i 10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command is used to conduct a UDP test with iPerf?

    <p>iperf -c -u</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To observe the bandwidth throughput on your Ethernet adapter, which command is applied in the basic test?

    <p>iperf -c</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary purposes of network applications in modern enterprises?

    <p>To facilitate communication and exchange of information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is NOT required to establish a network?

    <p>Network protocol analyzer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of transmission medium uses physical cables for data transfer?

    <p>Cable transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which application is specifically designed for remote medical consultations?

    <p>Telemedicine applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a wired transmission medium?

    <p>Utilizes physical cables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is crucial when establishing a network?

    <p>Availability of network hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these types of websites primarily focuses on education and learning?

    <p>Online teaching platforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major application of cloud computing?

    <p>Data sharing and management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which wireless technology is commonly used for short-range communication?

    <p>Bluetooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What network application is primarily aimed at facilitating social interactions?

    <p>Social media platforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the initial connection speed of NSFNET when it was established in 1986?

    <p>56 Kbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology was used to connect 13 NSFNET nodes in 1988?

    <p>T1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary issue with synchronous time-division multiplexing (STDM)?

    <p>Unused time slots are wasted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method allows for the transmission of different data sources using varying frequencies?

    <p>Frequency-division multiplexing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between latency and bandwidth in network performance?

    <p>Latency affects the amount of data transmitted per second.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to the number of packets delivered to a destination in a specified time frame?

    <p>Throughput</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic does statistical multiplexing share with synchronous time-division multiplexing?

    <p>It allocates resources based on demand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating throughput as per the provided content?

    <p>TransferSize / TransferTime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common transmission error occurs due to issues like noise and interference?

    <p>Bit errors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key event occurred regarding NSFNET in 1991?

    <p>It was opened for commercial use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does encapsulation function in networking?

    <p>It adds a header to data for identification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'de-multiplexing' achieve in data transmission?

    <p>It ensures data arrives at the correct destination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the delay bandwidth product indicate?

    <p>The possible amount of data in transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'jitter' refer to in the context of network performance?

    <p>Variability in packet arrival times.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the OSI model deals with the encapsulation of data?

    <p>Transport layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a layered network architecture, what is the purpose of protocols?

    <p>To define the communication rules between layers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Round-trip time (RTT) in network performance?

    <p>It measures the time taken for data to travel to the destination and back.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which port technique facilitates communication between a client and a server?

    <p>Socket API</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does scalability in network management refer to?

    <p>The capability to handle increasing amounts of traffic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the request/reply protocol (RRP) exemplify?

    <p>A specific type of message transfer service.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of the TCP/IP architecture?

    <p>Interoperability between various communication technologies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT typically part of the OSI model?

    <p>Session management layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does reliable message delivery involve?

    <p>Addressing errors like lost packets or bit errors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization is responsible for establishing international protocol specifications?

    <p>International Standards Organization (ISO).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Network and Application

    • The objective is to introduce students to networks and their common applications.
    • Topics include networks, common network applications (like education, remote healthcare, online auctions, and social media), and everyday use cases.

    Contents of Class

    • The class focuses on building a network, including applications, requirements, architecture, software, and performance.

    Enterprise Digital Transformation

    • The presented examples show different types of websites tailored to specific needs:
      • Brand image websites (for building an image).
      • Consumer-oriented e-commerce websites (for selling products online).
      • Educational online learning platforms.
      • Informational websites (with news and videos).
      • Functional information systems.
      • Promotional websites for campaigns.
      • Community-based platforms.
      • Comprehensive corporate portals.

    Networks (Networks)

    • Networks are fundamental to modern government, business, and daily life, enabling communication and information exchange.
    • Key elements include video conferencing, Voice over LTE (VoLTE), cloud computing, and fintech.

    Network Connections (1) and (2)

    • Networks connect devices via interfaces and transmission media.
    • Point-to-point connections link two devices directly, while multiple access allows multiple devices to connect.
    • Network types include circuit-switched (like telephone systems), optical networking, and packet-switched networks.

    Network Connections (3)

    • The Cloud, interconnection of networks (internetworks), routers and gateways are crucial for network connectivity.

    Network

    • Key challenges in network connectivity include assigning reachable logical or physical addresses to each node and using those addresses to route messages effectively.

    Cost-Effective Resource Sharing (1) and (2)

    • Synchronous Time-Division Multiplexing (STDM) and Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM) allow efficient use of shared networks, but unused resources in the first method can be a problem.
    • Statistical multiplexing adapts to varying data flows, employing switches and avoiding unused resources, with FIFO (First-In, First-Out) and QoS (Quality of Service) as part of the process.

    Support for Common Services

    • Applications require logical channels like websites.
    • Reliable message delivery is essential for error-free digital transmission, handling bit errors, packet loss, and node/link failures.

    Three Common Types of Transmission Errors

    • Bit errors happen when data is corrupted during transmission.
    • Packet loss occurs when a packet of data isn't transmitted to the receiver.
    • Node/link errors happen due to problems with a device or connection.

    Manageability

    • Network manageability includes scaling resources and maintaining functionality, especially with growth and changing needs of applications.

    Network Architecture

    • Network architecture provides a blueprint for managing and connecting devices, defining and including layering, protocols, and encapsulated data.

    Layering and Protocols

    • Communicating network programs, such as those needing to exchange data, employ layered, structured protocols.
    • Layered architectures include encapsulation, multiplexing/demultiplexing, the OSI model, and internet architecture.

    Encapsulation

    • Encapsulation involves embedding high-level data into lower-level messages for easier handling within a network.
    • A high-level message is placed within a lower-level message, which facilitates appropriate processing.
    • The lower-layer message's header can be used to ensure proper routing.

    Multiplexing and Demultiplexing

    • Multiplexing combines multiple data streams onto one link for efficiency.
    • Demultiplexing separates combined data streams into individual streams at the destination.

    OSI Model

    • The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model defines how computer systems communicate over a network.

    Internet Architecture

    • The Internet's flexible design enables different technologies to coexist, as seen in the ARPANET, TCP/IP protocol, and its inherent characteristics.

    TCP/IP's Landmark Events

    • Key milestones in TCP/IP's development, including events like the creation of ARPANET, different technologies' development, and different protocols being developed.

    Software

    • Killer applications drive network adoption.
    • Socket API and Port are used for data exchange, alongside programming interfaces and examples of client-server structures.

    Performance

    • Performance factors include bandwidth (data transmission rate) and latency (delay).
    • Round-trip time (RTT) measures the delay in a two-way communication.
    • Factors affecting latency include propagation time, transmission time, and queuing delays.

    Bandwidth and Latency Relationships

    • Bandwidth product is the total data capacity.
    • Latency measures the delay in transmission.
    • Different network types have different bandwidth and latency characteristics.

    Performance: High-Speed Networks

    • High-speed networks have improved bandwidth and throughput, enabling faster data transfer.
    • Determining a system's throughput involves measuring the data volume transmitted over a given time.

    Performance, Application Requirements

    • Applications have varying performance demands.
    • Interpacket gap (the time between packets) and jitter (variability in packet delay) are performance considerations in data transmission.

    Stakeholders in Computer Networks

    • Different roles like network designers, application developers, end users, and network operators play critical roles in the successful creation and operation of computer networks.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on key networking concepts, including design roles, connectivity challenges, and iPerf commands. This quiz covers essential topics needed for effective network management and troubleshooting.

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