Networking Fundamentals Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which role would focus on ensuring a cost-effective design in network systems?

  • Application programmer
  • Network operator
  • System administrator
  • Network designer (correct)

What type of networking involves the use of a telephone system?

  • Direct links
  • Circuit switched (correct)
  • Store-and-forward
  • Packet switched

Which of the following describes the method for interconnecting networks?

  • Circuit switched
  • Store-and-forward
  • Direct links
  • Router (correct)

What is a primary challenge in providing network connectivity?

<p>Defining addresses for nodes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which connection method is characterized by its ability to handle multiple users simultaneously?

<p>Multiple-access (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What command is used to establish a server in the basic bandwidth test using iPerf?

<p>iperf -s (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option demonstrates how to limit bandwidth usage to 100 megabits per second in an iPerf test?

<p>iperf -c -b 100m (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of iPerf, which command is used to change the interval to 10 seconds?

<p>iperf -c -i 10 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which command is used to conduct a UDP test with iPerf?

<p>iperf -c -u (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To observe the bandwidth throughput on your Ethernet adapter, which command is applied in the basic test?

<p>iperf -c (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary purposes of network applications in modern enterprises?

<p>To facilitate communication and exchange of information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is NOT required to establish a network?

<p>Network protocol analyzer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of transmission medium uses physical cables for data transfer?

<p>Cable transmission (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which application is specifically designed for remote medical consultations?

<p>Telemedicine applications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a wired transmission medium?

<p>Utilizes physical cables (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is crucial when establishing a network?

<p>Availability of network hardware (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these types of websites primarily focuses on education and learning?

<p>Online teaching platforms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major application of cloud computing?

<p>Data sharing and management (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which wireless technology is commonly used for short-range communication?

<p>Bluetooth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What network application is primarily aimed at facilitating social interactions?

<p>Social media platforms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the initial connection speed of NSFNET when it was established in 1986?

<p>56 Kbps (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technology was used to connect 13 NSFNET nodes in 1988?

<p>T1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary issue with synchronous time-division multiplexing (STDM)?

<p>Unused time slots are wasted. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method allows for the transmission of different data sources using varying frequencies?

<p>Frequency-division multiplexing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between latency and bandwidth in network performance?

<p>Latency affects the amount of data transmitted per second. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms refers to the number of packets delivered to a destination in a specified time frame?

<p>Throughput (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic does statistical multiplexing share with synchronous time-division multiplexing?

<p>It allocates resources based on demand. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating throughput as per the provided content?

<p>TransferSize / TransferTime (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common transmission error occurs due to issues like noise and interference?

<p>Bit errors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key event occurred regarding NSFNET in 1991?

<p>It was opened for commercial use. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does encapsulation function in networking?

<p>It adds a header to data for identification. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'de-multiplexing' achieve in data transmission?

<p>It ensures data arrives at the correct destination. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the delay bandwidth product indicate?

<p>The possible amount of data in transmission. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'jitter' refer to in the context of network performance?

<p>Variability in packet arrival times. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the OSI model deals with the encapsulation of data?

<p>Transport layer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a layered network architecture, what is the purpose of protocols?

<p>To define the communication rules between layers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Round-trip time (RTT) in network performance?

<p>It measures the time taken for data to travel to the destination and back. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which port technique facilitates communication between a client and a server?

<p>Socket API (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does scalability in network management refer to?

<p>The capability to handle increasing amounts of traffic. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the request/reply protocol (RRP) exemplify?

<p>A specific type of message transfer service. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of the TCP/IP architecture?

<p>Interoperability between various communication technologies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT typically part of the OSI model?

<p>Session management layer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does reliable message delivery involve?

<p>Addressing errors like lost packets or bit errors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization is responsible for establishing international protocol specifications?

<p>International Standards Organization (ISO). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is a network?

A network is a system that connects devices, allowing them to share data and communicate with each other.

Why are networks important?

Networks play a crucial role in various aspects of modern life, including government operations, businesses, and everyday activities.

What is a Network Interface Card (NIC)?

Network interface cards (NICs) are hardware components that enable devices to connect to a network, allowing them to transmit and receive data.

What is a Network Operating System (NOS)?

Network operating systems (NOS) provide the software infrastructure for managing and controlling network resources, enabling communication and data sharing between connected devices.

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What are transmission media?

Transmission media are the physical pathways used for data transmission in a network, such as cables, wireless signals, or fiber optic lines.

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What are network devices?

Network devices such as hubs, switches, routers, and firewalls facilitate data communication and manage network traffic, ensuring smooth and efficient operation.

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What is cloud computing?

Cloud computing relies on remote data storage and server infrastructure, enabling access to resources and services over the internet.

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What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?

The Internet of Things (IoT) involves connecting various devices and objects to the internet, enabling them to communicate and interact with each other.

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What is financial technology (FinTech)?

Financial technology (FinTech) encompasses technologies used in the financial sector, such as online banking, mobile payments, and cryptocurrency.

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What is video conferencing?

Video conferencing enables real-time communication between individuals at different locations, using video and audio transmission.

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Stakeholders

Individuals or groups who have an interest in or are affected by a project, system, or organization.

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Multiple-Access Network

A type of network where devices communicate by sharing a common transmission medium.

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Circuit-Switched Network

A network that uses dedicated, physical connections between devices, similar to a traditional phone system.

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Packet-Switched Network

A network that breaks data into packets and sends them independently over different paths, recombining them at the destination.

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Router

A special device that connects different networks and forwards data packets between them based on their destination addresses.

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Killer App

A software application that is so useful and popular that it drives widespread adoption of the platform it runs on.

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Socket API

A set of rules and protocols that allows software to communicate with a network. It defines how applications interact with the network.

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Round Trip Time (RTT)

The time it takes for a data packet to travel from its source to its destination and back.

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Bandwidth

The amount of data that can be transmitted over a network connection in a given period of time. Measured in bits per second (bps).

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Latency

The delay experienced by data as it travels from its source to its destination. Measured in milliseconds (ms).

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Delay x Bandwidth Product

The maximum amount of data that can be in transit at any given time. It's calculated by multiplying the round trip time (RTT) by the bandwidth.

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What is Network induced jitter?

Network-induced jitter is a phenomenon observed in data transmission over networks where the delay or arrival time of data packets varies, affecting communication quality and real-time applications.

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Who are the stakeholders in computer networks?

Network designers create and plan network infrastructure, ensuring seamless communication between devices. Application developers use network protocols to ensure their applications work properly within networks. End users rely on networks for accessing information and services. Network operators manage and maintain the network infrastructure, ensuring it functions flawlessly.

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What is iPerf?

Iperf is a powerful tool used for benchmarking and testing the performance of network connections, measuring aspects like bandwidth, latency, and packet loss, providing insights into network capabilities and potential bottlenecks.

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What is a Test Architecture Diagram?

Test Architecture Diagram is a visual representation of the setup and configuration used to conduct network performance tests, outlining the client, server, and other components involved in the test, aiding in understanding the test setup and results.

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Why are bandwidth tests important?

Bandwidth test is a crucial network performance test that assesses the maximum throughput or data transfer rate achievable on a network connection, providing insights into the capacity available for transferring data.

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Multiplexing

A method for transmitting and receiving independent signals over a common signal path, like a physical link.

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Synchronous Time-Division Multiplexing (STDM)

A method for dividing the available time into equal time slots and allocating those slots to different data streams.

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Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

A method for dividing the frequency spectrum into different frequency bands and allocating each band to a different data stream.

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Statistical Multiplexing

A type of multiplexing that dynamically allocates bandwidth to different data streams based on their current needs, rather than using fixed-size time slots or frequency bands. It offers more efficient resource utilization than STDM or FDM.

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Quality of Service (QoS)

A method for managing network traffic based on its priority level, ensuring that important data flows are prioritized and less important data flows are delayed.

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Protocol

A set of established rules or procedures that govern communication between devices on a network.

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Encapsulation

The process of adding a header to a message during transmission, containing information about the destination, source, and other data about the message.

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Multiplexing

The process of combining multiple data streams into a single stream for transmission over a shared link.

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Demultiplexing

The reciprocal process of multiplexing, which involves separating the different data streams in the single stream back into their original streams at the receiver end.

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OSI Model

A standardized network architecture model that consists of seven layers responsible for various aspects of network communication.

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Internet Architecture

A network architecture model that uses a variety of protocols, including the Internet Protocol (IP) and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), to facilitate communication between computers.

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Scalability

The process of increasing the capacity of a network to accommodate more users or traffic.

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Stability

The ability of a network to remain stable and operational even when experiencing high traffic loads or unexpected issues.

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Features

The ability to add new features or functionalities to a network.

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Network Architecture

A blueprint for designing a network that helps ensure its availability, manageability, and ability to meet data transmission needs.

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Study Notes

Introduction to Network and Application

  • The objective is to introduce students to networks and their common applications.
  • Topics include networks, common network applications (like education, remote healthcare, online auctions, and social media), and everyday use cases.

Contents of Class

  • The class focuses on building a network, including applications, requirements, architecture, software, and performance.

Enterprise Digital Transformation

  • The presented examples show different types of websites tailored to specific needs:
    • Brand image websites (for building an image).
    • Consumer-oriented e-commerce websites (for selling products online).
    • Educational online learning platforms.
    • Informational websites (with news and videos).
    • Functional information systems.
    • Promotional websites for campaigns.
    • Community-based platforms.
    • Comprehensive corporate portals.

Networks (Networks)

  • Networks are fundamental to modern government, business, and daily life, enabling communication and information exchange.
  • Key elements include video conferencing, Voice over LTE (VoLTE), cloud computing, and fintech.

Network Connections (1) and (2)

  • Networks connect devices via interfaces and transmission media.
  • Point-to-point connections link two devices directly, while multiple access allows multiple devices to connect.
  • Network types include circuit-switched (like telephone systems), optical networking, and packet-switched networks.

Network Connections (3)

  • The Cloud, interconnection of networks (internetworks), routers and gateways are crucial for network connectivity.

Network

  • Key challenges in network connectivity include assigning reachable logical or physical addresses to each node and using those addresses to route messages effectively.

Cost-Effective Resource Sharing (1) and (2)

  • Synchronous Time-Division Multiplexing (STDM) and Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM) allow efficient use of shared networks, but unused resources in the first method can be a problem.
  • Statistical multiplexing adapts to varying data flows, employing switches and avoiding unused resources, with FIFO (First-In, First-Out) and QoS (Quality of Service) as part of the process.

Support for Common Services

  • Applications require logical channels like websites.
  • Reliable message delivery is essential for error-free digital transmission, handling bit errors, packet loss, and node/link failures.

Three Common Types of Transmission Errors

  • Bit errors happen when data is corrupted during transmission.
  • Packet loss occurs when a packet of data isn't transmitted to the receiver.
  • Node/link errors happen due to problems with a device or connection.

Manageability

  • Network manageability includes scaling resources and maintaining functionality, especially with growth and changing needs of applications.

Network Architecture

  • Network architecture provides a blueprint for managing and connecting devices, defining and including layering, protocols, and encapsulated data.

Layering and Protocols

  • Communicating network programs, such as those needing to exchange data, employ layered, structured protocols.
  • Layered architectures include encapsulation, multiplexing/demultiplexing, the OSI model, and internet architecture.

Encapsulation

  • Encapsulation involves embedding high-level data into lower-level messages for easier handling within a network.
  • A high-level message is placed within a lower-level message, which facilitates appropriate processing.
  • The lower-layer message's header can be used to ensure proper routing.

Multiplexing and Demultiplexing

  • Multiplexing combines multiple data streams onto one link for efficiency.
  • Demultiplexing separates combined data streams into individual streams at the destination.

OSI Model

  • The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model defines how computer systems communicate over a network.

Internet Architecture

  • The Internet's flexible design enables different technologies to coexist, as seen in the ARPANET, TCP/IP protocol, and its inherent characteristics.

TCP/IP's Landmark Events

  • Key milestones in TCP/IP's development, including events like the creation of ARPANET, different technologies' development, and different protocols being developed.

Software

  • Killer applications drive network adoption.
  • Socket API and Port are used for data exchange, alongside programming interfaces and examples of client-server structures.

Performance

  • Performance factors include bandwidth (data transmission rate) and latency (delay).
  • Round-trip time (RTT) measures the delay in a two-way communication.
  • Factors affecting latency include propagation time, transmission time, and queuing delays.

Bandwidth and Latency Relationships

  • Bandwidth product is the total data capacity.
  • Latency measures the delay in transmission.
  • Different network types have different bandwidth and latency characteristics.

Performance: High-Speed Networks

  • High-speed networks have improved bandwidth and throughput, enabling faster data transfer.
  • Determining a system's throughput involves measuring the data volume transmitted over a given time.

Performance, Application Requirements

  • Applications have varying performance demands.
  • Interpacket gap (the time between packets) and jitter (variability in packet delay) are performance considerations in data transmission.

Stakeholders in Computer Networks

  • Different roles like network designers, application developers, end users, and network operators play critical roles in the successful creation and operation of computer networks.

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Introduction of Network and Application PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on key networking concepts, including design roles, connectivity challenges, and iPerf commands. This quiz covers essential topics needed for effective network management and troubleshooting.

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