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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is the process of breaking a message into packets, adding controls and other information, and then transmitting the message through the transmission medium?
Which of the following is the process of breaking a message into packets, adding controls and other information, and then transmitting the message through the transmission medium?
- Segmentation
- Sequencing
- Encapsulation (correct)
- Transformation
What is the purpose of a frame check sequence (FCS) footer?
What is the purpose of a frame check sequence (FCS) footer?
Checksum error detection
Which term does the OSI model use that's different from the TCP/IP model in reference to the terms frame, packet, and segment?
Which term does the OSI model use that's different from the TCP/IP model in reference to the terms frame, packet, and segment?
Protocol data unit (PDU)
Match each TCP/IP layer with its function:
Match each TCP/IP layer with its function:
Layer 2 source address:
Layer 2 source address:
Layer 3 source address:
Layer 3 source address:
Layer 2 destination address:
Layer 2 destination address:
Layer 3 destination address:
Layer 3 destination address:
What role does ARP play in the routing process?
What role does ARP play in the routing process?
Routers use ARP to resolve known IP addresses into MAC addresses.
Routers use ARP to resolve known IP addresses into MAC addresses.
If the source and destination network addresses reside on the same network, which protocol is used to determine the destination IP's MAC address?
If the source and destination network addresses reside on the same network, which protocol is used to determine the destination IP's MAC address?
Which packet does Computer 2 send back after receiving a SYN packet from Computer 1?
Which packet does Computer 2 send back after receiving a SYN packet from Computer 1?
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Study Notes
Encapsulation and Packet Transmission
- Encapsulation is the process of breaking a message into packets and adding controls and information for transmission through a medium.
Frame Check Sequence (FCS)
- The Frame Check Sequence (FCS) footer is used for checksum error detection to ensure data integrity during transmission.
OSI versus TCP/IP Model
- The OSI model uses the term Protocol Data Unit (PDU) to refer to data units, differing from the TCP/IP model terminology such as frame, packet, and segment.
TCP/IP Layer Functions
- Transport layer: Breaks data into pieces.
- Application layer: Prepares data for sending.
- Link layer: Adds physical addresses.
- Internet layer: Adds logical addresses.
Addressing in Networking
- Workstation2 uses the following addresses to communicate with Workstation3:
- Layer 2 source address: 080046987654
- Layer 3 source address: 192.168.10.12
- Layer 2 destination address: 000b5f2a2222
- Layer 3 destination address: 192.168.11.11
Routing Data via a Router
- When Workstation3 sends data to the default gateway, the Cisco 2600 router uses:
- Layer 2 source address: 000b5f2a2222
- Layer 3 source address: 192.168.11.11
- Layer 2 destination address: 080046987654
- Layer 3 destination address: 192.168.10.12
Role of ARP in Networking
- ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) helps in the routing process when a router needs to know a destination device's MAC address. It sends a broadcast with the destination device's IP address requesting its MAC address.
Address Resolution by Routers
- Routers utilize ARP to resolve IP addresses into MAC addresses for proper data forwarding.
Protocols for Address Determination
- When source and destination network addresses are on the same network, ARP is used to determine the MAC address for the destination IP.
TCP and Connection Establishment
- TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that employs a three-way handshake to establish connections. The process involves:
- Computer 1 sends a SYN packet to Computer 2.
- Computer 2 responds with a SYN/ACK packet.
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