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What is the primary purpose of a router's routing table?
What is the primary purpose of a router's routing table?
Which of the following must be configured for network access on devices?
Which of the following must be configured for network access on devices?
What does a subnet mask indicate?
What does a subnet mask indicate?
Why is an IP address assigned to a switch?
Why is an IP address assigned to a switch?
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What does a router use to learn about remote networks?
What does a router use to learn about remote networks?
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What is the first step when configuring a Cisco Router?
What is the first step when configuring a Cisco Router?
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Which command is used to activate a router interface?
Which command is used to activate a router interface?
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Which command provides a brief display of the router's interface status?
Which command provides a brief display of the router's interface status?
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What must be configured alongside an address to make a router interface operational?
What must be configured alongside an address to make a router interface operational?
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What is the purpose of configuring a banner on a router?
What is the purpose of configuring a banner on a router?
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What is one of the primary functions of a router?
What is one of the primary functions of a router?
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Which component is NOT typically found in a router?
Which component is NOT typically found in a router?
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How does a router primarily make forwarding decisions?
How does a router primarily make forwarding decisions?
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Which process is involved when a router handles packets?
Which process is involved when a router handles packets?
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What method can a router use to build a routing table besides static routes?
What method can a router use to build a routing table besides static routes?
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What is the primary factor used by routing protocols to select the best path to a network?
What is the primary factor used by routing protocols to select the best path to a network?
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Which dynamic routing protocol uses hop count as its metric?
Which dynamic routing protocol uses hop count as its metric?
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What happens when a router has two or more paths to a destination with equal cost metrics?
What happens when a router has two or more paths to a destination with equal cost metrics?
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Which routing path has the highest Administrative Distance (AD)?
Which routing path has the highest Administrative Distance (AD)?
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Which protocol relies on cumulative bandwidth to determine path cost?
Which protocol relies on cumulative bandwidth to determine path cost?
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A router can connect multiple networks.
A router can connect multiple networks.
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Routers only operate on Layer 1 of the OSI model.
Routers only operate on Layer 1 of the OSI model.
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Routers use Cisco IOS as their operating system.
Routers use Cisco IOS as their operating system.
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The main function of a router is to route traffic between telephone lines.
The main function of a router is to route traffic between telephone lines.
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Routers do not require a central processing unit (CPU) to function.
Routers do not require a central processing unit (CPU) to function.
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Routers have multiple interfaces, each on the same IP network.
Routers have multiple interfaces, each on the same IP network.
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The default gateway identifies the router to which packets are sent when the destination is on the same local network subnet.
The default gateway identifies the router to which packets are sent when the destination is on the same local network subnet.
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Routers use routing tables to determine the best path to send packets.
Routers use routing tables to determine the best path to send packets.
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IP addresses must be configured on network infrastructure devices for remote management.
IP addresses must be configured on network infrastructure devices for remote management.
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A subnet mask identifies a unique host on a local network.
A subnet mask identifies a unique host on a local network.
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A router interface must be configured with an address and subnet mask to be available.
A router interface must be configured with an address and subnet mask to be available.
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The 'no shutdown' command is used to deactivate a router interface.
The 'no shutdown' command is used to deactivate a router interface.
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Show commands are used to verify the operation and configuration of interfaces on a router.
Show commands are used to verify the operation and configuration of interfaces on a router.
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Configuring a banner on a router is primarily for managing access to the device.
Configuring a banner on a router is primarily for managing access to the device.
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Default LAN and WAN interfaces on a Cisco router are activated upon configuration.
Default LAN and WAN interfaces on a Cisco router are activated upon configuration.
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A routing protocol selects the best path based on the highest metric value.
A routing protocol selects the best path based on the highest metric value.
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Equal cost load balancing allows a router to distribute packets across multiple paths equally.
Equal cost load balancing allows a router to distribute packets across multiple paths equally.
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A directly connected route has an Administrative Distance (AD) of 1.
A directly connected route has an Administrative Distance (AD) of 1.
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RIP uses cumulative bandwidth as its metric for path determination.
RIP uses cumulative bandwidth as its metric for path determination.
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EIGRP utilizes metrics such as bandwidth, delay, load, and reliability to determine the best path.
EIGRP utilizes metrics such as bandwidth, delay, load, and reliability to determine the best path.
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Study Notes
Chapter 6: Routing Concepts
- Routing is the process of forwarding traffic between networks
- Routers are specialized computers responsible for routing traffic between networks
- Routers use routing tables to determine the best path to send packets
- Routers encapsulate packets and forward them to the appropriate interface
- Routers use static routes and dynamic routing protocols to learn about remote networks and build their routing tables
- Routers use information in data packets to make forwarding decisions
- Routers have multiple interfaces connected to different IP networks, allowing them to connect multiple networks
- Routers use encapsulation and de-encapsulation processes to switch packets between interfaces
- Configuring interfaces with IP addresses and subnet masks enables network access
- Devices need IP addresses, subnet masks, and default gateways to enable network access
- Routers are computers with components like a CPU, OS (Cisco IOS), RAM, ROM, NVRAM, Flash, and hard drive.
- Router components store information like running IOS, configuration file, IP routing, ARP tables, basic diagnostic software, and more
Chapter 6: Objectives
- Configure a router to route between multiple directly connected networks.
- Describe the primary functions and features of a router.
- Explain how routers use information in data packets to make forwarding decisions in a small- to medium-sized business network.
- Explain encapsulation and de-encapsulation process used by routers when switching packets between interfaces.
- Explain routing table entries for directly connected networks, and how a router builds a routing table of directly connected networks
- Explain how to build a routing table using static routes.
- Explain how to build a routing table using a dynamic routing protocol.
Functions of a Router
- Routers interconnect networks through multiple interfaces on different IP networks.
- Routers choose best paths by using static routes and dynamic routing protocols to determine optimal routes to send packets.
Connect Devices
- Configure IP addresses, subnet masks, and default gateways on devices to enable network access.
Document Network Addressing
- Network documentation includes device names, interfaces, IP addresses, subnet masks, and default gateways.
Enable IP on a Switch
- Network infrastructure devices require IP addresses for remote management.
- Switch management IP addresses are assigned on virtual interfaces.
Basic Settings on a Router
- Naming devices distinguishes them, and secures management access (EXEC, user EXEC, and Telnet).
- Routers use banners to provide legal notification of unauthorized access.
- Saves configurations for future use
Configure an IPv4 Router Interface
- Router interfaces must be configured with addresses and subnet masks for availability.
- Activation prevents shutdown and ensures LAN/WAN interfaces are activated
- Optional descriptions can be used for further clarity.
Verify Connectivity of Directly Connected Networks
- Show commands for interface operations and configurations
- Show commands (show ip interfaces brief; show ip route; show running -config) for more detailed information about interfaces
Switching Packets between Networks
- Routers encapsulate packets at layers for switching between networks.
- Routers use a process to forward packets to the next hop, including Layer 2 and Layer 3 data, the MAC (physical address), and router routing table information.
Switching Packets between Networks
- R3 forwards the packet to PC2, encapsulated and de-encapsulated in each network based on routing table information
Path Determination
- Routers determine the best path based on the routing protocol metric
- Dynamic protocols include RIP (Hop count), OSPF (Cost-based cumulative bandwidth), and EIGRP (Bandwidth, delay, load, and reliability)
Load Balancing
- Routers forward packets using multiple paths equally with equal cost load balancing.
Path Determination of the route
- If multiple paths to a destination are configured on a router, the path with the lowest administrative distance (AD) is used.
The Routing Table
- Routing tables in RAM contain information about directly connected routes, remote routes, and network/next-hop associations
Routing Table Sources
- The
show ip routecommand displays the content of the routing table. Includes local routes from interfaces.
Remote Network Routing Entries
- Remote network entries show how the router learned about the network, the destination network, the route source administrative distance, the metric to reach the remote network, the next-hop IP address, time since the network was discovered, and the outgoing interface to reach the remote network.
Directly Connected Routes
- Newly deployed routers without configured interfaces have empty routing tables.
- Active, configured directly connected interfaces create routing table entries.
Static Routes
- Configuration method for specifying explicit paths between devices.
- Static routes are manually configured and require manual updates for topology changes.
- Benefits include security and resource control.
- Command to configure static routes is
ip route network mask next-hop-ip /exit-intf.
Static Default Routes
- Default static routes are configured when no routing table path is present for a destination network using
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 {exit-intf | next-hop-ip}command
Dynamic Routing Protocols
- Routers share information about reachability and status of remote networks.
- Dynamic routing protocols perform network discovery and maintain routing tables, examples include EIGRP, OSPF, IS-IS, and RIP.
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Description
Dive into the fundamentals of routing in networking with this quiz! Explore how routers forward traffic between networks, utilize routing tables, and leverage both static and dynamic protocols. Test your understanding of encapsulation, IP addresses, and subnetting as you learn the intricacies of network connectivity.
