DCCN-II Networking Concepts Quiz

The physical layer deals with the low-level details of how data is transmitted over a cable or wireless connection. It defines the physical specifications, like connectors, voltage levels, and transmission standards. Think of it like the electrical wiring that carries data signals from one device to another.

The data link layer transforms the raw physical layer into a reliable link, ensuring data is transmitted without errors. It packages data into frames, adds headers for addressing, and implements error detection and correction mechanisms. Think of it as a reliable delivery service that ensures your packages arrive safe and sound.

Encapsulation is the process of adding layers of information to data as it moves up the OSI model. Each layer adds its own header and trailer, creating a packet that is encapsulated within another packet. Think of it like a series of nested boxes, each with its own label containing information specific to that layer.

A computer network is a group of interconnected devices (computers, servers, printers, etc.) that can communicate and share resources.

The Internet is a global network of interconnected networks that allows communication and sharing of information between devices worldwide.

A network that connects two or more networks, allowing them to communicate with each other.

ARPANET was an early network developed by the US Department of Defense, serving as a precursor to the modern internet.

TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. It's a suite of communication protocols that governs how data is transmitted across the Internet.

The World Wide Web (WWW) is a system of interconnected documents and resources accessed using the internet. It utilizes hyperlinks to navigate between different web pages.

The internet today is a complex network of networks, not a simple hierarchy. It uses connecting devices and switching stations to link various local and wide area networks.

Tim Berners-Lee is credited with inventing the World Wide Web (WWW) while working at CERN.

A document publicly released for review and comment, often leading to the development of internet standards.

A non-profit organization dedicated to supporting the development and growth of the Internet.

The technical advisory body of the Internet Society which oversees the development of the Internet Protocol Suite.

A forum of working groups focused on identifying and solving operational issues within the Internet.

A forum of working groups exploring long-term research topics related to internet protocols, applications, and architecture.

An organization responsible for managing Internet domain names and addresses. (Now replaced by ICANN).

A non-profit corporation that manages the Internet's Domain Name System and IP addressing.

A model that divides the complex task of communication into layers, making it easier to manage and understand.

The physical layer in the TCP/IP protocol suite handles the low-level details of how data is transmitted over a physical medium, like a cable or wireless connection. It supports various standard and proprietary protocols and doesn't define any specific protocol itself.

The data link layer in the TCP/IP protocol suite also supports various protocols without defining any specific one. It focuses on making communication between two devices reliable by packaging data into frames, addressing, and implementing error detection and correction mechanisms.

The network layer in TCP/IP uses the Internet Protocol (IP) to transport data in packets called datagrams. Each datagram is transported separately across the network, effectively routing data through various routers.

The transport layer in TCP/IP manages communication between applications. It ensures reliable and ordered delivery of data by dividing data into segments or packets. It uses protocols like TCP for reliable communication and UDP for faster but less reliable communication.

The application layer in TCP/IP provides services to applications, including electronic mail, file transfer, and web browsing. This layer is equivalent to the top three layers (Session, Presentation, and Application) in the OSI model.

The network layer is responsible for delivering packets from their origin to their destination, even if those packets need to traverse multiple individual networks (links). It acts as a guide for packets traveling through the internetwork, making sure they reach their intended recipient.

The network layer uses logical addressing to differentiate between devices on different networks, ensuring packets are routed to the correct destination. This is different from the physical addressing used by the data link layer, which only operates within a single network.

A router or switch, which are special devices that connect different networks together, uses routing to determine the best path for each packet to reach its final destination. Routing directs packets across the internetwork using information about network topology and available paths.

The transport layer ensures reliable delivery of the entire message from one process (application program) to another process (application program), regardless of where those processes are running. It acts as a intermediary between applications, facilitating seamless communication between them, even if they are on different machines.

The transport layer divides a message into smaller segments before transmission and then reassembles those segments into the original message at the destination. Each segment is labeled with a sequence number to ensure proper reassembly.

The transport layer can operate in two modes: connectionless or connection-oriented. In a connectionless approach, each segment is treated independently and delivered to the destination transport layer. In a connection-oriented approach, a connection is established before any data segments are transmitted, creating a virtual connection between the sending and receiving transport layers.

Flow control is a mechanism that prevents a sender from overwhelming a receiver with data. At the transport layer, flow control operates end-to-end, managing data flow between sending and receiving applications, ensuring data arrives in a timely manner and doesn't overload the receiving system.

The transport layer can also implement error control mechanisms to ensure data integrity. Error control at the transport layer ensures that data is correctly transmitted and received across the network, with any errors detected and corrected during the delivery process.

This layer handles establishing, maintaining, and synchronizing communication between two systems. It allows for half-duplex (one-way) or full-duplex (two-way) communication. It also provides checkpoint mechanisms to ensure reliable data transmission.

This layer is responsible for the format and meaning of data exchanged between systems. It ensures compatibility between different encoding methods and handles data encryption and compression.

The Presentation Layer handles security by transforming sensitive data into an unreadable form, protecting it during transmission. This process is reversible, allowing the receiver to decrypt and access the original information.

The Presentation Layer reduces the size of data before transmission, improving efficiency and saving bandwidth. This is especially useful for multimedia content, making it easier to transfer large files like videos and images over the network.

The Application Layer is the user interface for network access. It provides services for various applications, allowing users to interact with the network and access its resources.

This layer allows users, whether human or program, to interact with the network. It provides services to applications like web browsing, email, and file sharing.

Error control at this layer is performed between communicating processes, not within a single link. Each process is responsible for detecting and correcting errors in its communication.

Checkpoints are added within a data stream to ensure reliable transmission. For example, dividing a large file into smaller units and acknowledging the receipt of each unit.