Questions and Answers
What characteristic differentiates voice traffic from video traffic?
Which queuing mechanism ensures that high-bandwidth flows are treated fairly?
What is a significant property of both voice and video traffic?
Which of the following protocols is suitable for applications sensitive to delays?
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In which scenario is FIFO queuing least effective?
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What typically defines the quality of video traffic?
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What is a fundamental limitation of both voice and video traffic in terms of packet loss?
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Which of the following QoS technologies provides the most improved service for network applications?
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What does the term 'benign' refer to in the context of voice traffic?
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Which traffic type is typically more demanding on bandwidth resources?
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Study Notes
Reliability in Transport
- Ensures segments are acknowledged by the sender.
- Provides retransmission capability for unacknowledged segments.
- Maintains correct sequence of segments at the destination.
- Implements congestion avoidance and control.
Flow Control
- Prevents buffer overflow between connected hosts.
Acknowledgment Mechanisms
- Positive acknowledgment requires the recipient to send a confirmation message after receiving data.
- Senders track each data packet sent and expect corresponding acknowledgments.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
- Protocols utilizing TCP include:
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
- SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
- Telnet
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
- Protocols utilizing UDP include:
- TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)
- SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
- DHCP (Dynamic Host Control Protocol)
- DNS (Domain Name System)
TCP and UDP Port Numbers
- Both TCP and UDP use port (socket) numbers for information transfer to upper layers.
- Port numbers below 1024 are well-known; above 1024 are dynamically assigned.
- Registered port numbers are assigned for specific vendor applications, mostly above 1024.
Domain Name System (DNS)
- Translates domain names into IP addresses.
- Over 200 top-level domains exist on the internet.
FTP and TFTP
- FTP:
- Reliable, connection-oriented service using TCP for file transfers.
- TFTP:
- Connectionless service using UDP, designed for simplicity.
- Commonly used for routing devices to transfer configuration files and Cisco IOS images.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
- Application layer protocol for exchanging management information between network devices.
TELNET
- Client software enabling login to remote internet hosts running a Telnet server.
- Allows command execution from the command line remotely.
Access Control List (ACL)
- Layer 3 security method controlling traffic flow between routers, referred to as Packet Filtering Firewall.
Types of Access Lists
- Standard ACL: Number range 1-99, blocks networks, hosts, and subnets; prevents two-way communication.
- Extended ACL: More detailed filtering capabilities.
- Named ACL: Uses names for ease of identification.
Voice Traffic Characteristics
- Sensitive to delays and packet loss; relies on UDP (no retransmission).
- Requires smooth flow without bursts; lower bandwidth per call.
Video Traffic Characteristics
- Also sensitive to delays and packet loss; utilizes UDP (no retransmission).
- Bursty behavior due to keyframes, and benefits from higher bandwidth for better quality.
Queuing Mechanisms
- FIFO (First In First Out):
- Traffic exits in the order it entered; no prioritization.
- WFQ (Weighted Fair Queuing):
- Flow-based algorithm prioritizing interactive traffic.
- Fairly allocates remaining bandwidth among high-bandwidth flows.
Quality of Service (QoS) Technologies
- Aimed at enhancing network service for edge applications.
- Methods include:
- Best Effort
- Integrated Services
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Description
This quiz covers the essential concepts of reliability in network transport, including acknowledgment of segments, retransmission, and correct sequencing at the destination. It also addresses flow control and the importance of congestion avoidance. Test your understanding of these key principles in networking.
