Networking Basics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the first 24 bits in a MAC address?

  • To encrypt the data transmitted
  • To allocate the device's network speed
  • To identify the hardware component
  • To identify the vendor (correct)

    • What is the total number of unique IP addresses possible with IPv4?

  • 2^24
  • 2^32 (correct)
  • 2^16
  • 2^64

    • What is the total bit length of an IPv4 address?

  • 16 bits
  • 32 bits (correct)
  • 24 bits
  • 64 bits

    • Which part of the MAC address is considered the Hardware ID?

    <p>Second 24 bits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of address is needed for global communication?

    <p>IP address</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which binary format does a MAC address exist?

    <p>48 bits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the structure of an IP address consist of?

    <p>Location + Identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Vendor ID in a MAC address represent?

    <p>Manufacturing company</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of IPv4 addresses allows for the largest number of possible hosts?

    <p>Class A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Class D IPv4 address range primarily specify?

    <p>Multicasting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major limitation did legacy classful addressing face, leading to its replacement?

    <p>Inefficient allocation of addresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bits are used in an IPv6 address as opposed to an IPv4 address?

    <p>32 bits for IPv4 and 128 bits for IPv6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who manages and allocates blocks of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses globally?

    <p>Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the binary numbering system consist of?

    <p>1s and 0s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bits are in a standard IPv4 address?

    <p>32 bits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of positional notation in the binary system?

    <p>To represent different values based on the digit's position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes an octet in the context of binary addressing?

    <p>A group of 8 bits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which value represents the thousand's place in decimal positional notation for the number 1234?

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the decimal number 1234 calculated using positional notation?

    <p>1 x 1000 + 2 x 100 + 3 x 10 + 4 x 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is dotted decimal notation used for?

    <p>To express binary addresses in a human-readable format</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the base (radix) of the binary numbering system?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ranges represents Class C IP addresses?

    <p>192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many host addresses are available in Class B IP addresses?

    <p>65,534</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Class D IP addresses?

    <p>IP multicast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of the first byte for Class A IP addresses?

    <p>1 - 126</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are 2 addresses subtracted from the total in the number of host addresses for Class A?

    <p>One for network and one for broadcast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which decimal representation is easier for humans to read than binary?

    <p>Dotted decimal notation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of Class E IP addresses?

    <p>240 - 255</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of addresses starting with 127?

    <p>They are reserved for a loopback interface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a subnet mask in networking?

    <p>To determine the network ID and broadcast IP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the subnet mask for an IP address in Class C?

    <p>255.255.255.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which IP address corresponds to Class A with its correct subnet mask?

    <p>10.0.0.10 with 255.0.0.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the broadcast IP for the network ID 130.4.0.0 with a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0?

    <p>130.4.255.255</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the network ID for the IP address 222.210.121.10 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0?

    <p>222.210.121.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following IP addresses belongs to Class B?

    <p>130.0.0.100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For the IP address 191.0.0.250 with subnet mask 255.255.0.0, what is the broadcast IP?

    <p>191.0.255.255</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subnet mask allows for the most hosts per subnet?

    <p>255.0.0.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the subnet mask do in the context of an IPv4 address?

    <p>It identifies the network and host portions of the address.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the prefix length of a subnet mask expressed?

    <p>In slash notation indicating the number of bits set to 1.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the ANDing process in relation to IPv4 addresses?

    <p>To identify which bits represent the network and which represent the host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the subnet mask for a prefix length of /24?

    <p>255.255.255.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the structure of an IPv4 address?

    <p>A 32-bit address consisting of a network and a host portion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prefix length for the subnet mask 255.255.255.192?

    <p>/26</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When looking at the 32-bit stream of an IPv4 address, what represents the host portion?

    <p>The bits determined by applying the subnet mask.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a valid subnet mask for a hierarchy of IPv4 addresses?

    <p>255.255.255.255</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Networking

    • The presentation is on IP Addressing for a networking course (CT043-3-1& Version VD1) at Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation.
    • The course is delivered by Cisco.

    Binary Number System

    • Binary numbers are made up of 1s and 0s, referred to as bits.
    • Decimal numbers are made up of digits 0 through 9.
    • Network devices use binary addressing to identify each other.
    • An IP address is a 32-bit string divided into four octets (8 bits each).
    • Octet values are separated by a period.

    Binary and IPv4 Addresses

    • Hosts, servers, and network equipment identify each other using a binary addressing system.
    • This system employs 32 bits, divided into 4 parts (octets).
    • Each octet contains 8 bits, separated by a ‘.’
    • This format is also referred to as dotted decimal.
    • Examples of binary and dotted decimal forms are provided in the presentation.

    Binary Positional Notation

    • Positional notation indicates that the value of a digit depends on its position within a number sequence.
    • The decimal system operates based on powers of 10.
    • The binary system operates based on powers of 2.
    • Examples of decimal and binary positional notation are included in the presentation in the form of tables and explanations.

    Hexadecimal Number System

    • Hexadecimal is a base-16 numbering system.
    • It utilizes digits 0-9 and letters A-F to represent values.
    • Conversion to/from hexadecimal, decimal, and binary is discussed.
    • Hexadecimal is used with IPv6 addresses and MAC addresses

    Hexadecimal and IPv6 Addresses

    • Hexadecimal is used in IPv6 addresses for simpler representation.
    • This notation converts decimal and binary to hexadecimal and vice versa.
    • It uses letters A-F.

    MAC Address

    • Unique MAC (Media Access Control) addresses are 48 bits long, made up of vendor and hardware IDs (each 24 bits).
    • The first 24 bits represent the vendor ID and the remaining 24 represent the hardware ID.
    • Examples of this format are provided in the presentation.

    IPv4 Address Structure

    • An IPv4 address is a 32-bit hierarchical address.
    • It consists of a network portion and a host portion.
    • A subnet mask is used to differentiate network and host portions within the 32-bit stream.

    The Subnet Mask

    • Subnet masks are used to segment an IP address into network and host IDs.
    • This is performed by comparing the bits of the subnet mask with the bits of the IPv4 address.
    • The process is known as ANDing.

    The Prefix Length

    • Prefix length is a shorthand representation of the subnet mask.
    • It indicates the number of bits set to '1' in the subnet mask.
    • The presentation shows examples in slash notation.

    Class of an IP Address

    • IP addresses are categorized into classes (A, B, C, D, E) based on their structure.
    • The first few bits determine the class.
    • Each class has a different structure and range.

    Address Classification

    • Each class of IP address has a unique initial bit pattern (0 to 1111), which determines the network prefix and how many bits are used for a host ID.

    Range of IP Address

    • This section shows the ranges of IP addresses for each class (A, B, C, D, and E)

    IP address, Class and Subnet Mask Table

    • Table showing example IP addresses, their corresponding classes, and subnet masks.

    IP address, Class Subnet Broadcast and Network Id Table

    • Table showing example IP addresses, their classes, subnet masks, network IDs, and broadcast addresses.

    Types of IPv4 Addresses

    • Classification of IPv4 addresses based on class.

    RFC 790 (1981) allocated IPv4 Addresses

    • IPv4 addresses were initially categorized into classes (A, B, C) according to their structure.
    • A method based on classes was used in the past but this created inefficiencies due to wasted address space.

    Assignment of IP Addresses

    • The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is responsible for managing IP address allocation.
    • The responsibility is delegated to five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs).
    • RIRs are responsible for allocating IP blocks to ISPs and further to smaller ISPs and organizations.

    IPv6 Address Structure

    • IPv6 addresses use 128 bits.
    • These represent a far larger address space than IPv4.
    • IPv6 addresses are represented using a colon-separated hexadecimal format.

    Structure of IP address

    • IPv6 addresses are structured into 8 blocks of 16 hexadecimal bits each.

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