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Questions and Answers
Which of the following are types of networks?
A Local Area Network (LAN) can span over multiple cities.
False
What is a network?
A group of devices that can communicate with each other over links.
A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) supports up to _____ kilometers distance.
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Which of the following is not an advantage of LAN?
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What is an example of a WAN?
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What are the main functionalities of the transport layer?
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What does the acronym OSI stand for?
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The acronym DNS stands for Domain Name System.
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A Local Area Network is designed by local area connections such as _____ and _____
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Study Notes
Data Communication
- Data communication is the exchange of data between two devices via a transmission medium.
- Communication can be local (LAN) or remote (MAN/WAN).
- Data is transferred as 0s and 1s.
Communication Model Characteristics
- Delivery: Data must be delivered to the correct destination.
- Accuracy: Data must be delivered accurately.
- Timeline: Data must be delivered at the exact time.
- Jitter: Variable in perfect arrival time.
Components of Communication Model
- Sender: The device sending the information.
- Receiver: The device receiving the information.
- Medium: The physical path between sender and receiver.
- Message: The information being passed.
- Protocol: A set of rules and regulations governing data communication.
Data Transmission Concepts and Terminology
- Data transmission occurs between a sender and receiver via a transmission medium.
- Transmission Media:
- Guided Media (Wired): Signals passed in the same physical path.
- Twisted pair cable
- Coaxial cable
- Fiber optic cable
- Unguided Media (Wireless): Signals passed in the form of electromagnetic waves.
- Mobile phones
- Satellite microwave
- Infrared
- Guided Media (Wired): Signals passed in the same physical path.
Transmission Modes
- Simplex: Data flows in one direction only (radio/TV).
- Half-duplex: Data flows in both directions, but only one direction at a time (walkie-talkie).
- Full-duplex: Data flows in both directions simultaneously (phone conversation).
Protocol Architecture
- A layered structure of hardware and software that supports data exchange between systems.
- Supports distributed applications (e.g., E-mail, file transfer).
- Each layer defines some set of rules.
- Two widely used protocol architectures are TCP/IP and OSI models.
Protocol
- A set of rules governing data communication.
- Includes:
- Syntax: Structure and format of data.
- Semantics: Meaning of each bit section.
- Timing: When data is sent and how fast it is sent.
Protocol Standards
- Provide a model for developing products regardless of manufacturer.
- Two categories:
- De facto: Not officially adopted but widely used (e.g., proprietary, non-proprietary).
- De jure: Officially adopted standards (e.g., ISO, ANSI, IEEE).
OSI Model
- Created by ISO, a model for designing flexible, robust, interoperable network architectures.
- A layered framework that allows for communication across all types of computer systems.
- Seven ordered layers: Physical, Data link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application.
TCP/IP Protocol
- A suite of protocols used in the internet.
- Developed before the OSI model.
- Contains relatively independent protocols that can be mixed and matched based on system needs.
LAN Topology
- Defines the physical (or logical) arrangement of links in a network.
- Represents the layout of connected devices in a network.
- Geometric representation of the relationship between communication links.
Types of Topology
- Mesh
- Star
- Tree
- Bus
- Ring
- Hybrid
Mesh Topology
- Each device has a direct point-to-point link with every other device.
- Advantages: Eliminates traffic problems, robust, has privacy/security, easy fault finding.
- Disadvantages: Many cables needed, complex installation.
Star Topology
- Each device is linked to a central controller (HUB).
- Devices are not directly linked.
- Advantages: less expensive than mesh, fewer cables; robust.
- Disadvantages: reliant on central controller, more complex installation, failure of central controller affects all devices
Tree Topology
- Variation of star topology.
- Nodes are linked to a central controller (Active Hub).
- Secondary controllers are Passive Hubs.
- Advantages:Allows more devices to be attached, prioritizes communication.
- Disadvantages:Reliant on central controller, failure of controller affects entire system, complex installation.
Bus Topology
- One long cable (backbone) links all devices.
- Devices connect via drop lines/tapes.
- Advantages: Easy installation, redundancy elimination, fewer cables.
- Disadvantages: Difficult reconfiguration and adding/deleting devices.
Ring Topology
- Each device has a dedicated point-to-point link with adjacent devices.
- Signals travel around the ring in one direction.
- Each device may contain a repeater.
- Advantages:Easy to install/reconfigure, easy fault identification.
- Disadvantages: unidirectional traffic, failure of one device affects entire system.
Hybrid Topology
- Combination of different topologies.
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Description
Test your knowledge on different types of networks including Local Area Networks (LAN), Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN), and Wide Area Networks (WAN). This quiz will cover key concepts, advantages, and functionalities in networking. Perfect for students and professionals looking to refresh their networking understanding.
