Network Protocols Quiz

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): the primary protocol suite used to facilitate communication over the internet
- TCP (Connection-oriented): ensures reliable, error-checked data transfer
- IP (Connectionless): provides logical addressing and routing
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): a protocol used for transferring data over the web
- Request-response protocol: client requests, server responds
FTP (File Transfer Protocol): a protocol used for transferring files over the internet
- Used for uploading/downloading files to/from remote servers
UDP (User Datagram Protocol): a connectionless protocol used for efficient, fast data transfer
- Often used for real-time applications, such as video streaming and online gaming

Domain Name: a human-readable name used to identify a website or resource on the internet
DNS Resolver: a service that translates domain names to IP addresses
Domain Name Space: a hierarchical system for organizing domain names
- Top-level domains (TLDs): .com, .org, .net, etc.
- Second-level domains: google.com, facebook.com, etc.
DNS Servers: specialized servers that store DNS records and respond to DNS queries

Client-Server Architecture: a model where clients request resources from servers
- Clients: web browsers, email clients, etc.
- Servers: web servers, email servers, etc.
Peer-to-Peer Architecture: a model where nodes act as both clients and servers
- Nodes: equal peers that share resources and communicate directly
Network Topology: the physical and logical arrangement of devices and connections
- Bus, star, ring, mesh, and hybrid topologies

Firewall: a network security system that monitors and controls incoming/outgoing traffic
- Blocks unauthorized access to a network or system
Encryption: the process of converting plaintext data into unreadable ciphertext
- SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security): encrypts data in transit
Access Control: mechanisms for controlling access to resources and data
- Authentication: verifies user identity
- Authorization: determines user access levels
Malware: malicious software designed to harm or exploit systems
- Viruses, worms, trojans, ransomware, etc.

IP Address: a unique identifier for devices on a network
- IPv4: 32-bit addresses (e.g., 192.0.2.1)
- IPv6: 128-bit addresses (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334)
Private IP Addresses: reserved IP addresses for local networks
- 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16
Public IP Addresses: globally unique IP addresses assigned by ISPs
- Used to access the internet and communicate with other public IP addresses
Subnet Mask: a 32-bit number that determines the scope of a subnet
- Used to divide an IP address into network and host parts

TCP/IP is a primary protocol suite used for communication over the internet, comprising of:
- TCP (Connection-oriented) ensuring reliable, error-checked data transfer
- IP (Connectionless) providing logical addressing and routing
HTTP is a protocol used for transferring data over the web, following a request-response protocol where clients request and servers respond
FTP is a protocol used for transferring files over the internet, facilitating uploading/downloading files to/from remote servers
UDP is a connectionless protocol used for efficient, fast data transfer, often used for real-time applications like video streaming and online gaming

A domain name is a human-readable name used to identify a website or resource on the internet
DNS Resolver is a service that translates domain names to IP addresses
Domain Name Space is a hierarchical system for organizing domain names, comprising of:
- Top-level domains (TLDs) like .com, .org, .net, etc.
- Second-level domains like google.com, facebook.com, etc.
DNS Servers are specialized servers that store DNS records and respond to DNS queries

Client-Server Architecture is a model where clients request resources from servers, comprising of:
- Clients like web browsers, email clients, etc.
- Servers like web servers, email servers, etc.
Peer-to-Peer Architecture is a model where nodes act as both clients and servers, with nodes being equal peers that share resources and communicate directly
Network Topology refers to the physical and logical arrangement of devices and connections, including:
- Bus, star, ring, mesh, and hybrid topologies

A Firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming/outgoing traffic, blocking unauthorized access to a network or system
Encryption is the process of converting plaintext data into unreadable ciphertext, with SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security) encrypting data in transit
Access Control mechanisms control access to resources and data, including:
- Authentication, which verifies user identity
- Authorization, which determines user access levels
Malware refers to malicious software designed to harm or exploit systems, including viruses, worms, trojans, ransomware, etc.

An IP Address is a unique identifier for devices on a network, with:
- IPv4 using 32-bit addresses (e.g., 192.0.2.1)
- IPv6 using 128-bit addresses (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334)
Private IP Addresses are reserved for local networks, including:
- 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16
Public IP Addresses are globally unique IP addresses assigned by ISPs, used to access the internet and communicate with other public IP addresses
A Subnet Mask is a 32-bit number that determines the scope of a subnet, used to divide an IP address into network and host parts