Computer Networking Basics

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the transport layer protocols in the TCP/IP model?

  • To provide routing and switching of packets across networks
  • To specify how to transfer messages between hosts and manage reliability requirements (correct)
  • To assign port numbers to specific applications and services
  • To define the structure and format of IP addresses

Which of the following statements about well-known ports is true?

  • They are reserved for customized applications and services
  • They are used for general-purpose applications and services
  • They are assigned by IANA to specific devices and networks
  • They are reserved for common or popular services and applications (correct)

What is the purpose of IP in the TCP/IP model?

  • To specify how to transfer messages between hosts
  • To provide routing and switching of packets across networks (correct)
  • To manage reliability requirements of a conversation
  • To define the structure and format of IP addresses

What is the range of well-known port numbers?

<p>0 to 1,023 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a transport layer protocol?

<p>TCP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of port numbers in the TCP/IP model?

<p>To multiplex and demultiplex data streams (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for assigning well-known port numbers?

<p>IANA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of UDP in the TCP/IP model?

<p>To provide best-effort delivery of datagrams (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the format of a compressed IPv6 address?

<p>2001:db8:cafe:1::1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of port numbers assigned by IANA?

<p>1,024 to 49,151 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Network Fundamentals

  • DNS (Domain Name System) translates domain names to IP addresses
  • DNS uses TCP/UDP client port 53
  • DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) dynamically assigns IP addresses, uses UDP client port 68 and server port 67

Web Protocols

  • HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is a set of rules for exchanging text, images, audio, and video on the World Wide Web
  • HTTP uses TCP port 80 and 8080
  • HTTP is used for web services and web servers
  • When accessing a URL, the browser interprets three parts: protocol (http), server name (www.cisco.com), and filename (index.html)

IP Addressing Services

  • Domain names were created to convert numeric IP addresses to simple, recognizable names (FQDNs)
  • Domain Name Service (DNS) is primarily an individual application that a user has chosen to install
  • Registered ports: 1,024 to 49,151, chosen by a user or organization for specific applications
  • Private/dynamic ports: 49,152 to 65,535, assigned dynamically by the client's OS

Application, Presentation, and Session Layers

  • TCP/IP application layer protocols specify format and control information for common internet communication functions
  • Application layer protocols must be compatible between source and destination devices
  • Examples of IPv6 addresses: 2001:db8:cafe:1:0:0:0:1, 2001:db8:cafe:1::1, 2001:0db8:0000:1111:0000:0000:0000:0200, 2001:db8:0:1111::200

Transportation of Data

  • Transport layer protocols specify how to transfer messages between hosts and manage reliability requirements
  • The transport layer includes TCP and UDP protocols
  • IP does not specify how delivery or transportation of packets takes place

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