Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of the transport layer protocols in the TCP/IP model?
To specify how to transfer messages between hosts and manage reliability requirements
Which of the following statements about well-known ports is true?
They are reserved for common or popular services and applications
What is the purpose of IP in the TCP/IP model?
To provide routing and switching of packets across networks
What is the range of well-known port numbers?
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Which of the following is an example of a transport layer protocol?
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What is the purpose of port numbers in the TCP/IP model?
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Who is responsible for assigning well-known port numbers?
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What is the purpose of UDP in the TCP/IP model?
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What is the format of a compressed IPv6 address?
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What is the range of port numbers assigned by IANA?
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Study Notes
Network Fundamentals
- DNS (Domain Name System) translates domain names to IP addresses
- DNS uses TCP/UDP client port 53
- DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) dynamically assigns IP addresses, uses UDP client port 68 and server port 67
Web Protocols
- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is a set of rules for exchanging text, images, audio, and video on the World Wide Web
- HTTP uses TCP port 80 and 8080
- HTTP is used for web services and web servers
- When accessing a URL, the browser interprets three parts: protocol (http), server name (www.cisco.com), and filename (index.html)
IP Addressing Services
- Domain names were created to convert numeric IP addresses to simple, recognizable names (FQDNs)
- Domain Name Service (DNS) is primarily an individual application that a user has chosen to install
- Registered ports: 1,024 to 49,151, chosen by a user or organization for specific applications
- Private/dynamic ports: 49,152 to 65,535, assigned dynamically by the client's OS
Application, Presentation, and Session Layers
- TCP/IP application layer protocols specify format and control information for common internet communication functions
- Application layer protocols must be compatible between source and destination devices
- Examples of IPv6 addresses: 2001:db8:cafe:1:0:0:0:1, 2001:db8:cafe:1::1, 2001:0db8:0000:1111:0000:0000:0000:0200, 2001:db8:0:1111::200
Transportation of Data
- Transport layer protocols specify how to transfer messages between hosts and manage reliability requirements
- The transport layer includes TCP and UDP protocols
- IP does not specify how delivery or transportation of packets takes place
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