Network Applications and Principles
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What happens to a non-persistent HTTP connection after the server responds to a request?

  • It switches to a persistent mode.
  • It becomes a secure connection.
  • It is closed after sending the response. (correct)
  • It remains open for future requests.

    • What is the default mode for HTTP/1.0 connections?

  • Persistent HTTP
  • Secure HTTP
  • Non-persistent HTTP (correct)
  • Asynchronous HTTP

    • In which scenario would multiple TCP connections be required when using non-persistent HTTP?

  • When transferring a single object.
  • When HTTP 1.1 is used.
  • When multiple requests for different resources are made. (correct)
  • When a single request is made.

    • What is one of the main characteristics of HTTP as a protocol?

    <p>It is a stateless protocol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a client initiates a connection to a server, which port is typically used for HTTP?

    <p>80</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in client-server communication when using persistent HTTP?

    <p>A single TCP connection is kept open for multiple requests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the process of a client making a request to a server?

    <p>The client initiates a TCP connection to the server and sends an HTTP request.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a typical browser-server interaction, which component is considered the HTTP client?

    <p>Browser</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of a server in a client-server network?

    <p>Performing major operations like security and resource management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two primary transport services provided by the Internet for applications?

    <p>TCP and UDP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of application-layer protocols?

    <p>To allow communication between applications on different devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the design of network application architectures?

    <p>They involve the overall design and structure that supports communication on the network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a web application, what is the client-side program typically involved?

    <p>Browser program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do clients in a client-server architecture communicate?

    <p>Through the server that manages the network resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following network applications utilizes Voice Over IP technology?

    <p>Skype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of network applications allows the end user to directly interact with software?

    <p>Application layer of the OSI model.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Mail User Agent (MUA)?

    <p>It composes and prepares email messages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information does the email header typically include?

    <p>The recipient's address and subject of the message.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which port is commonly used for submitting email to the SMTP server?

    <p>TCP port 25</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the sender's and recipient's domain names differ, what is the next step in email delivery?

    <p>The MTA forwards the message to the Mail Transfer Agent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Mail Delivery Agent (MDA) perform in email processing?

    <p>It stores incoming messages for retrieval.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of SMTP is responsible for relaying emails?

    <p>Mail Transfer Agent (MTA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the MX record in the Domain Name System do?

    <p>It defines email routing for a domain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the parts of an email address represent, such as in '[email protected]'?

    <p>Username and domain name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'Last-Modified' header indicate?

    <p>The time when the object was created or last modified.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the 'Content-Length' header?

    <p>Specifies the total size of the response body in bytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the status code appear in an HTTP response message?

    <p>In the first line of the server-to-client response message.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information does the 'Content-Type' header provide?

    <p>The type of content being sent to the client.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the 'Date' header in HTTP responses?

    <p>It indicates the time the response was generated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which header provides the total number of bytes in the message object?

    <p>Content-Length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What detail does the 'Server' header convey?

    <p>The identification of the server software handling the request.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the purpose of HTTP response status codes?

    <p>To inform the client about the result of the request.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does SMTP stand for?

    <p>Simple Mail Transfer Protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command is used to download a file in FTP?

    <p>get</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Mail Delivery Agent (MDA)?

    <p>To deliver mail to the local system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What port does the SMTP server listen to for incoming connections?

    <p>25</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the SMTP process?

    <p>Web Transfer Protocol (WTP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using FTP, which command allows you to change directories?

    <p>cd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a Mail Submission Agent (MSA)?

    <p>Receives mail and allows users to send it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes in-band control information in protocols like HTTP and SMTP?

    <p>Control information is combined with data in the same connection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Network Applications

    • Email, web browsing, remote login, P2P file sharing, multi-user network games, streaming stored video (like YouTube), voice over IP (like Skype), real-time video conferencing, and social networking are common examples of network applications.

    Principles of Network Applications

    • Network application architectures define the overall design and structure of an application built to function on a computer network.
    • Processes communicating refers to the interaction between multiple processes within a network.
    • The interface between a process and the network describes the link between a process on a device and the underlying computer network.
    • Transport services are services provided by the network stack that enable applications to communicate with each other.
    • The internet provides two main transport services: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol).
    • Application-layer protocols are data exchange protocols that allow communication between applications running on different devices.

    Client-Server Architecture

    • A client-server network is designed for end users (clients) to access resources like songs, videos, etc., from a central computer called a server.
    • The server manages major operations like security and network management.
    • The server is responsible for managing resources such as files, directories, printers, etc.
    • Clients communicate with each other through the central server.

    HTTP Protocol

    • A client initiates a TCP connection (creates a socket) to the server on port 80.
    • The server accepts the TCP connection from the client.
    • HTTP messages (application-layer protocol messages) are exchanged between the browser (HTTP client) and the Web server (HTTP server).
    • HTTP is a stateless protocol, meaning the server does not maintain any information about past client requests.
    • Non-persistent HTTP closes the connection after the server sends the requested object to the client.
    • Persistent HTTP keeps the connection open for multiple requests and responses.

    Non-Persistent & Persistent HTTP Connection

    • Non-Persistent HTTP creates a new TCP connection for each request/response pair.
    • Persistent HTTP uses the same TCP connection for all requests and responses.

    HTTP Response Status Codes

    • A status code appears on the first line of the server-to-client response message.
    • Some protocols, like HTTP and SMTP, send control information in-band (within the same TCP connection) for both requests and response headers and data.

    How to Use FTP

    • Connect to the FTP server using an FTP client or the command line interface, providing the server's address, username, and password. Anonymous access might not require a username and password.
    • Navigate directories using commands like:
      • ls: List directories
      • cd: Change directories
    • Transfer files with commands:
      • get: Download files
      • put: Upload files
    • Manage files using operations like:
      • Delete: Remove files
      • Rename: Change file names
      • Copy: Duplicate files
    • Close the connection with the bye or quit command.

    Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

    • SMTP is a set of guidelines for software to transmit email over the internet.
    • It operates at the application layer of the TCP/IP protocol stack.
    • A client opens a TCP connection to the SMTP server on port 25 and sends the email over this connection.

    Components of SMTP

    • Mail User Agent (MUA): Creates email messages for transfer to the MTA.
    • Mail Submission Agent (MSA): Receives mail from the MUA and interacts with the MTA for transfer.
    • Mail Transfer Agent (MTA): Transfers mail from one system to another using SMTP.
    • Mail Delivery Agent (MDA): Delivers mail to the local system.

    How SMTP Works

    • A user composes an email message using a Mail User Agent (MUA).
    • The message has two parts: the body and the header.
    • The email client submits the message to the SMTP server using port 25.
    • The MTA checks the domain name of the recipient address and finds the target domain using MX records in the Domain Name System (DNS).
    • The MTA connects to the exchange server for the recipient domain to relay the message.
    • The incoming server (Mail Delivery Agent, MDA) stores the email for the recipient to retrieve it.
    • The email can be accessed and retrieved using the MUA.

    POP (Post Office Protocol)

    • POP is a protocol used for retrieving email from a mail server.

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    Related Documents

    Chapter 6 - Application Layer PDF

    Description

    Explore common network applications such as email, web browsing, and remote login, as well as the principles that guide network application architectures. Understand the interaction between processes, transport services, and the role of application-layer protocols. Test your knowledge of how these concepts apply to real-world scenarios.

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