Nervous Tissue and Neurons

<p>Enabling the release of neurotransmitter molecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multipolar neurons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excitation alterations communicated from one neuron to another (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Localized release of neurotransmitter molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Production of neurotransmitter proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To synthesize and transport cellular constituents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymatic proteins and cytoskeletal proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They conduct signals more rapidly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It generates action potentials (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromatophilic substance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Less than 10 µm to more than 100 µm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It represents aggregations of rough endoplasmic reticulum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Axon hillock (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unipolar neuron (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flattened electron-lucent synaptic vesicles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To load newly formed synaptic vesicles with neurotransmitters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>40 to 60 nm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In sensory ganglia located in cranial and spinal nerve roots (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dopamine and norepinephrine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mechanisms in synaptic vesicle function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple processes emanating from the cell body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To stabilize and organize neurotransmitter receptors and signal transduction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nature of the receptor type coupled to the neurotransmitter. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It activates enzymes that phosphorylate synaptic vesicle proteins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glutamate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depolarization of the presynaptic element. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By exocytosis after docking with the plasma membrane. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Axodendritic and axosomatic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endocytosis and degradation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They mediate almost all excitatory communication between CNS neurons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide structural support and organization. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synaptic vesicles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Removal or degradation of neurotransmitter molecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Processes in white matter are long, slender, and moderately branched (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevation in intracellular calcium concentration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulating receptor endocytosis and exocytosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are summated and integrated (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps restore homeostasis by isolating damaged regions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are cuboidal or columnar with motile cilia on their apical surfaces. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They regulate the transport of ions and small molecules. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ganglionic gliocytes and neurolemmocytes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They encapsulate neuron cell bodies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They form an epithelium that links gaps in the ventricular system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By regulating the movement of potentially harmful substances. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their role in forming the myelin sheath around peripheral nerves. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Synapses where the axon of one neuron connects to the dendrite of another neuron.

Synapses where the axon of one neuron connects to the cell body of another neuron.

The process of removing neurotransmitter molecules from the synaptic cleft.

Proteins that actively transport neurotransmitter molecules back into the presynaptic neuron.

The process by which membrane components are recycled.

The integration of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic signals at the cell body of a neuron.

Rapid changes in the number of receptor proteins on the neuronal membrane.

Glial cells that have numerous processes containing glial fibrils.

A specialized type of neuron in the cerebral cortex, characterized by a pyramid-shaped cell body and a single axon that emerges from its base.

Branching extensions of a neuron that receive incoming signals from other neurons. They can be apical (top) or basal (bottom).

The long, slender extension of a neuron that transmits signals to other neurons or effector cells.

Specialized structures along the axon where neurotransmitters are stored and released.

Small, membrane-bound sacs within axonal varicosities or synaptic boutons that contain neurotransmitters.

A type of synaptic vesicle with a clear, electron-lucent interior, often associated with excitatory synapses.

A type of synaptic vesicle with a dense, electron-dense core, usually containing dopamine or norepinephrine.

The process by which synaptic vesicles are recycled and replenished with neurotransmitters, enabling the neuron to keep transmitting signals effectively.

Protein on a cell membrane that binds to specific molecules, often signaling molecules, and triggers a response inside the cell.

Specialized type of neuron with a single axon and dendrites extending from the cell body. They are involved in sensory functions.

Specialized type of neuron with one axon and one dendrite extending from the cell body. They are involved in sensory functions.

Specialized type of neuron with one axon and multiple dendrites extending from the cell body. They are responsible for transmitting information throughout the nervous system.

Specialized structures at the end of axons that release neurotransmitters into the synapse.

Specialized channels in the axon membrane that open in response to an electrical signal, allowing sodium ions (Na+) to flow into the cell, causing depolarization.

Specialized channels located in the synaptic boutons that open in response to an electrical signal. They allow calcium ions (Ca++) to flow into the cell, triggering the release of neurotransmitters.

The process by which the neuron releases neurotransmitters into the synapse.

The cell body of a neuron, containing the nucleus and surrounding cytoplasm, is responsible for synthesizing cellular components.

The size of a neuron's cell body is related to the total volume of the neuron, with larger cell bodies indicating longer processes.

Neurons with long processes require a larger cell body to accommodate the synthesis of proteins for those processes.

The cell body cytoplasm contains structures like rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and polyribosomes, forming chromatophilic substance responsible for protein synthesis.

The axon hillock, a region where the axon originates, is devoid of chromatophilic substance but contains neurofilaments and microtubules.

The size of a neuron's processes influences its speed of conduction, with larger processes conducting signals more quickly.

Neurons responsible for urgent communication, like those involved in reflexes, tend to be larger due to their faster conduction speed.

The cell body plasma membrane in multipolar neurons integrates synaptic input, and smaller cell bodies can be more efficient in this function.

Glial cells in the CNS that myelinate axons, forming a sheath that increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction.

A type of glial cell found in the CNS that forms a protective barrier between the brain and spinal cord and the cerebrospinal fluid.

The formation of a scar in the CNS, composed mainly of astrocytes, that occurs after injury.

Glial cells found in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that wrap around axons to form myelin sheaths.

Glial cells found in the PNS that surround and support neuron cell bodies in ganglia.

A barrier function that prevents the passage of harmful substances from the blood into the central nervous system.

The fluid that fills the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord.

A specialized structure that allows communication between neurons, involving the release and reception of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters.

Proteins that bind to neurotransmitters, triggering a change in the receiving neuron's activity. They can be excitatory or inhibitory, influencing whether the neuron is more or less likely to fire.

The area on the receiving neuron where neurotransmitter receptors are concentrated, facilitating efficient signal transmission.

The process of releasing neurotransmitters from the sending neuron into the synaptic cleft.

The arrival of an action potential at the end of an axon triggers the release of calcium ions (Ca++) into the presynaptic terminal.

The process of re-uptake occurs when excess neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft are taken back up by the presynaptic neuron or other cells. This removes the neurotransmitter from the synapse, preventing overstimulation and regulating the signal.