Nervous Tissue and Neuron Structure Review

False (B)

Nodes of Ranvier

<p>axon hillock</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Astrocytes = Form the blood-brain barrier Oligodendrocytes = Form myelin in the CNS Schwann cells = Form myelin in the PNS Microglia = Phagocytize microbes Ependymal cells = Form and move cerebrospinal fluid Satellite cells = Support cell bodies in the PNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Reticular Activating System (RAS) is responsible for maintaining alertness and wakefulness in the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brainstem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>sensory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three layers of the meninges are the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Choroid plexus = Produces cerebrospinal fluid Arachnoid villi = Absorbs cerebrospinal fluid Dural sinuses = Collects venous blood from the brain Pia mater = Innermost layer of meninges, tightly adhered to the brain surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>G protein-coupled receptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) acts as a cushion for the brain and spinal cord, providing protection against shock and injury. It also helps to transport nutrients and remove waste products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Graded potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>hippocampus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>threshold</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acetylcholine = Excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and neuromuscular junction Glutamate = Major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain GABA = Major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain Glycine = Inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active transport into the postsynaptic neuron (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relaying sensory information to the cerebral cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cerebellum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Comprises the brain and spinal cord, processing information.

Includes all nerves outside the CNS, connecting limbs and organs.

Neuron has a cell body, axon, and dendrites; each has distinct functions.

Neurons with one process, often sensory, found in PNS.

Neurons with two processes, typically involved in special senses like vision.

Neurons with multiple processes, mostly motor neurons in CNS.

Myelin insulates axons, speeding up signal transmission, and has gaps called nodes.

Signaling molecules that produce effects via binding to receptors.

Hormones travel via blood; neurotransmitters act on nearby cells across synapses.

Ionotropic receptors mediate fast responses; metabotropic involve slower, longer effects.

A network in the brain that maintains alertness and arousal.

Found in the brainstem, connects to various brain areas.

Filters sensory signals and keeps the brain alert.

The sleep center inhibits the RAS, reducing alertness.

Can lead to coma or severe sleep disorders.

A brain region involved in emotion and memory formation.

The hippocampus creates short-term memories; damage leads to memory loss.

Amygdala detects fear and triggers physical responses.

Prefrontal cortex assesses which memories are relevant for storage.

Three layers: dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater; spaces contain cerebrospinal fluid.

A receptor that activates G proteins when bound by a ligand, influencing cell signaling.

The electrical charge difference across a neuron's membrane at rest, typically -70 mV.

A rapid rise and fall in voltage across a neuronal membrane, leading to nerve signal transmission.

The time after an action potential during which a neuron cannot fire again, regardless of stimulus strength.

A junction where a neurotransmitter is released from one neuron and binds to receptors on another.

Neurotransmitters that increase the likelihood of a neuron firing by depolarizing the postsynaptic membrane.

Neurotransmitters that decrease the likelihood of a neuron firing by hyperpolarizing the postsynaptic membrane.

The process by which multiple signals at the same synapse over time combine to influence a postsynaptic neuron.

Fluid that surrounds and cushions the brain and spinal cord, providing protection and nourishment.

A group of nuclei in the brain that play a key role in movement regulation and coordination.