10 Questions
What are the two main divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic Nervous System and Parasympathetic Nervous System
What is the role of myelin in the nervous system?
Increases the speed at which electrical impulses travel along the neuron
Describe the process of neurotransmitter transmission.
Neurotransmitters are released from the synaptic vesicles of the presynaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron.
What are the primary functions of the frontal lobe?
Executive functions such as decision making, problem-solving, planning, and controlling behavior
What is the role of cortisol in the body?
Helps the body respond to stress
What can an imbalance of neurotransmitters lead to?
Mental illnesses, such as depression and schizophrenia
What is the role of the prefrontal cortex?
Involved in complex cognitive behavior, personality expression, decision making, and moderating social behavior
How can diet and trauma affect the brain?
Poor nutrition can affect brain function and cognitive abilities, while trauma can lead to structural and functional changes in the brain
Describe the induced fit model of neurotransmitter binding.
The receptor undergoes a conformational change to better accommodate the neurotransmitter, facilitating its action
What are the functions of the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens?
Hippocampus: involved in the formation and retrieval of memories; Nucleus Accumbens: plays a key role in reward, pleasure, and addiction
Study Notes
Nervous System
- The Central Nervous System (CNS) is the correct answer.
Functions of Nervous System
- The Sympathetic Nervous System prepares the body for stressful or emergency situations (fight or flight response).
- The Parasympathetic Nervous System conserves energy and restores the body to a state of calm (rest and digest).
Neurotransmission
- Myelin is a fatty substance that surrounds the axons of neurons, increasing the speed at which electrical impulses (action potentials) travel along the neuron.
- Neurotransmitter transmission involves the release of neurotransmitters from the synaptic vesicles of the presynaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft, binding to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, and causing a change in the postsynaptic cell's potential.
Brain Regions and Functions
- The Frontal Lobe is responsible for executive functions such as decision making, problem-solving, planning, and controlling behavior.
- The Prefrontal Cortex is involved in complex cognitive behavior, personality expression, decision making, and moderating social behavior.
- The Hippocampus is involved in the formation and retrieval of memories.
- The Nucleus Accumbens plays a key role in reward, pleasure, and addiction.
Neurotransmitters and Hormones
- Cortisol helps the body respond to stress.
- Insulin regulates blood glucose levels.
- A deficiency in serotonin is linked to depression.
- An excess of dopamine can be associated with schizophrenia.
Neurological Research Methods
- EEG measures electrical activity in the brain, with strengths including non-invasive and good temporal resolution, but limitations including poor spatial resolution.
- fMRI measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow, with strengths including good spatial resolution and non-invasive, but limitations including expense and poor temporal resolution.
Case Study and Models
- The Phineas Gage case study demonstrates that specific brain regions are linked to certain aspects of personality and behavior.
- The Induced Fit Model describes how neurotransmitters fit into receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, undergoing a conformational change to facilitate action.
Test your knowledge of the nervous system, including the central nervous system, sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, and more.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
