Nervous System Physiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the cerebellum?

  • Coordinating voluntary and involuntary movements (correct)
  • Transmitting sensory impulses to the cortex
  • Regulating hormonal secretions
  • Controlling body temperature

    • Which structure within the brainstem is responsible for regulating visceral control?

  • Pons (correct)
  • Medulla oblongata
  • Cerebellum
  • Thalamus

    • Which part of the diencephalon acts as a relay center for sensory impulses?

  • Thalamus (correct)
  • Hypothalamus
  • Pons
  • Medulla oblongata

    • Where are the dorsal horns located in the spinal cord?

    <p>Projecting toward the back of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the medulla oblongata?

    <p>Regulating heartbeat and blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long is the spinal cord typically?

    <p>44 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons do the dorsal horns mainly contain?

    <p>Interneurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connects the spinal cord to the rest of the brain?

    <p>Medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily surrounds the gray matter of the spinal cord?

    <p>White matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body functions are regulated by the hypothalamus?

    <p>Behavior, emotional expression, and body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the nervous system is responsible for transmitting signals between the CNS and the rest of the body?

    <p>Peripheral nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of spinal nerves?

    <p>To connect and transmit messages to the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consequence may occur if there is damage to one side of the brain?

    <p>Sensory loss on the opposite side of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerves are comprised solely of afferent fibers?

    <p>Optic nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?

    <p>It selectively determines which substances can move from blood into the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two regions of the brain constitute the forebrain?

    <p>Cerebrum and diencephalon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the Peripheral Nervous System innervates skeletal muscle?

    <p>Somatic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in total?

    <p>31</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cerebrum?

    <p>It governs all sensory and motor activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The autonomic nervous system is primarily responsible for controlling which type of muscle?

    <p>Smooth and cardiac muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the cerebrum is specialized for vision?

    <p>Occipital lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pairs of spinal nerves innervate the neck and arms?

    <p>Cervical nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fills the cerebral ventricles?

    <p>Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three membranes that enclose the brain and spinal cord called?

    <p>Meninges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fibers are contained in all spinal nerves?

    <p>Both afferent and efferent fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 12 pairs of thoracic nerves are primarily associated with which region of the body?

    <p>Chest and upper abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brainstem is located furthest down, closest to the spinal cord?

    <p>Medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum?

    <p>Longitudinal fissure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the brain is primarily responsible for personality and speech?

    <p>Frontal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fluid is produced by the choroid plexus in the brain?

    <p>Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of motor neurons in the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>They innervate skeletal muscles, leading to contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is released by somatic motor neurons?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure connects the CNS to the autonomic ganglia?

    <p>Preganglionic neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Controlling involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

    <p>Sympathetic division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the sympathetic fibers originate from in the spinal cord?

    <p>Thoracic and lumbar regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What network innervates the tissues of the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Enteric nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Increased digestive activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Restoring homeostasis and conserving energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the structure of neurons in the autonomic nervous system different from somatic neurons?

    <p>They involve two neurons in series connecting the CNS to the effector.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nervous System Physiology

    • The nervous system is composed of the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
    • The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord.
    • The brain is divided into four regions: cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, and cerebellum.
    • The brainstem consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
    • The cerebrum and diencephalon together constitute the forebrain.
    • The brain contains four interconnected cavities, the cerebral ventricles, which are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
    • CSF is formed by specialized capillaries called choroid plexus and cushions the CNS.
    • The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a structural arrangement of capillaries that selectively determines which substances can move from the blood into the brain.
    • Oxygen and glucose are necessary for brain survival and move freely across the BBB.
    • Harmful substances like toxins are prevented from crossing into the brain.
    • The cerebrum is the largest portion of the forebrain overseeing sensory and motor activities, perception, emotions, consciousness, memory, and voluntary movements.
    • The cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres and covered in a surface or cortex arranged in bulging folds (gyrus) and furrows (sulcus).
    • The cortex is further divided into four lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital.
    • The frontal lobe focuses on motor activity and personality.
    • The parietal lobe manages language and senses of temperature, pressure, and touch.
    • The temporal lobe contains centers for hearing, smell, and language input.
    • The occipital lobe is associated with vision.
    • The cerebellum is the second-largest part of the brain, connecting to every part of the CNS; coordinating voluntary and involuntary movements, and adjusting muscles for maintaining posture.
    • The diencephalon includes the thalamus and hypothalamus.
    • The thalamus is a relay center for sensory impulses, excluding olfactory and motor areas of the cortex.
    • The hypothalamus controls behavior, emotional expression, body temperature, many metabolic activities, and hormonal secretions of the pituitary gland.
    • The brainstem controls visual reflexes and hearing, and plays a role in visceral control.
    • The medulla oblongata connects the rest of the brain to the spinal cord and regulates breathing, swallowing, coughing, sneezing, vomiting, heartbeat, and blood pressure.
    • The spinal cord is a slender, cylinder-shaped tissue within the bony vertebral column.
    • The 44 cm long spinal cord is shorter than the spinal column, and its segments do not perfectly correspond to the vertebrae.
    • The spinal cord contains a central butterfly-shaped area of gray matter composed of interneurons, cell bodies and dendrites of efferent neurons, entering axons of afferent neurons, and glial cells.
    • The spinal cord conducts impulses to and from the brain. In most instances, sensory information traveling up the right side of the spinal cord crosses over to the left side of the brain.
    • The peripheral nervous system (PNS) transmits signals between the CNS and receptors and effectors in other parts of the body.
    • The PNS has 43 pairs of nerves: 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves, connecting to the spinal cord.
    • Spinal nerves are named by their vertebral exit points: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal.
    • Cranial nerves control aspects of sensation and muscular activity in the head and neck.
    • Spinal nerves connect and transmit messages directly to the spinal cord.
    • Afferent fibers control sensory, while efferent fibers controls motor actions.
    • The efferent division of the PNS is more complicated than the afferent, being subdivided into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
    • The somatic nervous system is comprised of motor neurons leading to skeletal muscles.
    • The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions of the body.
    • The autonomic nervous system consists of two neurons that connect to the CNS and effector cells.
    • Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions make up the ANS.
    • Sympathetic is the fight or flight response, increased alertness.
    • Parasympathetic is the rest and digest response.
    • The sympathetic fibers exit the spinal cord at the thoracic and lumbar regions, while parasympathetic fibers exit the brainstem and the sacral region.
    • Differences lie in ganglionic location and neurotransmitters.
    • In the parasympathetic division, acetylcholine (ACh) is the neurotransmitter between postganglionic neurons and effector cells.
    • In the sympathetic division, norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter between postganglionic neuron and effector cells.

    Additional Notes

    • The autonomic nervous system (ANS) has both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, each with distinct anatomical origins, functions, and physiological actions.
    • The sympathetic division is responsible for the "fight-or-flight" response, while the parasympathetic division is responsible for the "rest-and-digest" response.
    • Ganglia function as clusters of cell bodies outside the CNS, mediating between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons in the ANS.

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    Nervous System Physiology Lecture 3 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the physiology of the nervous system, focusing on the structures and functions of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Explore the regions of the brain, the composition of cerebrospinal fluid, and the importance of the blood-brain barrier in protecting the brain. This quiz is essential for anyone studying human biology or neuroscience.

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