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Questions and Answers
What divides the brain into left and right hemispheres?
What divides the brain into left and right hemispheres?
What are the connecting tracts between the two brain hemispheres called?
What are the connecting tracts between the two brain hemispheres called?
What are layers of cell bodies parallel to the surface of the cortex called?
What are layers of cell bodies parallel to the surface of the cortex called?
What is a set of cells perpendicular to the surface of the cortex called?
What is a set of cells perpendicular to the surface of the cortex called?
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Which of the following structures divide the brain hemispheres into lobes?
Which of the following structures divide the brain hemispheres into lobes?
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What are lobes named after?
What are lobes named after?
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What is the main function of the hypothalamus?
What is the main function of the hypothalamus?
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Which structure does the hypothalamus regulate the release of hormones for?
Which structure does the hypothalamus regulate the release of hormones for?
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Where do the optic nerves from each eye come together?
Where do the optic nerves from each eye come together?
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What is the term for the large furrows on the cerebral cortex?
What is the term for the large furrows on the cerebral cortex?
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Which part of the brain contains the limbic system and basal ganglia?
Which part of the brain contains the limbic system and basal ganglia?
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What is the Latin meaning of 'Cortex'?
What is the Latin meaning of 'Cortex'?
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What is the main purpose of CSF in the brain?
What is the main purpose of CSF in the brain?
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How is CSF produced in the brain?
How is CSF produced in the brain?
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What occurs when CSF is blocked by a tumor in the brain?
What occurs when CSF is blocked by a tumor in the brain?
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How is hydrocephalus 'water on the brain' treated?
How is hydrocephalus 'water on the brain' treated?
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Where does the blood supply to the brain primarily come from?
Where does the blood supply to the brain primarily come from?
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What happens if CSF is not reabsorbed into the blood supply at the top of the head?
What happens if CSF is not reabsorbed into the blood supply at the top of the head?
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Which area of the cerebral cortex is responsible for processing information about touch and body location?
Which area of the cerebral cortex is responsible for processing information about touch and body location?
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What is the function of the primary visual cortex?
What is the function of the primary visual cortex?
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What is the consequence of extensive damage to the striate cortex of the right hemisphere?
What is the consequence of extensive damage to the striate cortex of the right hemisphere?
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Where is the primary auditory cortex located?
Where is the primary auditory cortex located?
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What is the function of the association cortex in the cerebral cortex?
What is the function of the association cortex in the cerebral cortex?
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Which functional area of the cerebral cortex connects sensory and motor functions?
Which functional area of the cerebral cortex connects sensory and motor functions?
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Which brain structure is responsible for hearing and understanding spoken language?
Which brain structure is responsible for hearing and understanding spoken language?
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Which area of the brain is associated with speech production?
Which area of the brain is associated with speech production?
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What is the function of the Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex?
What is the function of the Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex?
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Which structure is crucial in encoding and storing emotional memories?
Which structure is crucial in encoding and storing emotional memories?
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What type of memory difficulty is associated with damage to the Hippocampus?
What type of memory difficulty is associated with damage to the Hippocampus?
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Which frontal lobe area is linked to emotional disturbance and impulsivity when damaged?
Which frontal lobe area is linked to emotional disturbance and impulsivity when damaged?
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Study Notes
Brain Structure and Function
- The brain is divided into two hemispheres, connected by cerebral commissures (corpus callosum and anterior commissure).
- Lobes are named after the skull bones that lie above them, and are not functional units.
Cerebral Cortex
- The cerebral cortex is the outer portion of the cerebral hemispheres, with a convoluted (furrowed) appearance.
- It consists of gray matter (small unmyelinated neurons) and white matter (layer below the cortex with myelinated axons).
- The cerebral cortex is divided into functional areas, including sensory, motor, and association cortex.
Functional Areas of the Cerebral Cortex
- Occipital Lobe: primary visual cortex, provides initial cortical processing of visual information.
- Temporal Lobe: primary auditory cortex, provides initial cortical processing of sound information; identifies visual patterns; and is important for certain kinds of memories.
- Parietal Lobe: analyzes sensation from the body (touch, pain, position, temperature); and perceives location of objects and our body.
- Frontal Lobe: primary motor cortex, provides the highest level of command to the motor systems; Broca's area, responsible for speech production; prefrontal cortex, involved in attention, working memory, planning behavior, and impulse control.
Important Structures
- Hypothalamus: regulates motivated behaviors (feeding, drinking, temperature regulation, sexual behavior, sleeping); directs the autonomic nervous system; and regulates the release of hormones.
- Pituitary Gland: regulated by the hypothalamus; releases hormones.
- Mamillary Bodies: involved in sense of direction and memory.
- Amygdala: involved in fear, rage, and aggression; interacts with the hippocampus during encoding and storage of emotional memories.
- Hippocampus: involved in learning and memory; damage causes anterograde amnesia.
Additional Concepts
- Lissencephalic: smooth-brained, without convolutions.
- Cerebral Ventricles: four large internal chambers of the brain, filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
- Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): cushions the brain, prevents maladaptive response due to pressure; produced by the choroid plexus, and reabsorbed into the blood supply.
- Hydrocephalus: a condition where CSF is blocked, causing buildup of fluid in the ventricles, and expansion of the brain; treated by draining excess fluid and removing the obstruction.
- Blood Supply: the brain receives nutrients through blood supply, which flows through carotid arteries and vertebral arteries.
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Description
This quiz covers the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through various parts of the nervous system, including the subarachnoid space, central canal, and cerebral ventricles. It also discusses the production and reabsorption of CSF by the choroid plexus. Test your knowledge about the purposes and circulation of CSF in the brain and spinal cord!
