Nervous System Part 1

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason why cranial nerves are called cranial nerves?

They are only found in the peripheral nervous system

They are responsible for transmitting sensory information from the skin

They emerge from the spinal cord

They emerge from the brain and pass through foramina or fissures in the skull (correct)

What is the function of afferent nerves?

They regulate the autonomic nervous system

They transmit sensory information from sensory receptors to the brain (correct)

They produce hormones that regulate the endocrine system

They transmit motor signals from the brain to skeletal muscles

Which of the following is an example of a special somatic fiber?

Smell (correct)

Vision

Cutaneous sensation

Motor signal to skeletal muscle

What is the function of the visceral afferent fiber (GVA)?

Transmitting sensory information from visceral organs Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the general visceral efferent fiber (GVE)?

Transmitting motor signals to smooth muscle and glands Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a cranial nerve fiber that innervates structures derived from somites?

Motor signal to skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification system used to categorize cranial nerve fibers?

Three-letter system Signup and view all the answers

What is the mnemonic device used to remember the 12 cranial nerves?

Out Of Our Troubled Times, Arose Fear, Very Great Violence And Hatred Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of efferent neurons in the nervous system?

Transmit signals from the central nervous system to the effector organs Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain stem is connected to the cerebellum?

Pons Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between cranial nerves and spinal nerves?

Cranial nerves are connected to the brain, while spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hypothalamus in the diencephalon?

Regulation of body temperature Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neuron conveys information from tissues and organs into the central nervous system?

Afferent neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the division of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord?

Central nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cerebellum in the brain?

Coordination of voluntary movements Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the autonomic nervous system?

Regulation of involuntary structures Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for motor functions to the sternomastoid and trapezius muscles?

Accessory Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is the origin of the trochlear nerve?

Midbrain Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for transmitting visceral sensations from the stomach and small intestine?

Vagus Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is divided into ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular branches?

Trigeminal Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the pharynx and palate?

Glossopharyngeal Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is the attachment site for the olfactory nerve?

Cerebrum Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for transmitting motor signals to the muscles of the tongue?

Hypoglossal Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the heart and lungs?

Vagus Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Nervous System

Divided into 2 major divisions: Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord
PNS consists of Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

The Brain

Cerebrum: 2 cerebral hemispheres separated by median fissure, with diencephalon
Brain Stem: midbrain, pons, and medulla
Cerebellum

Diencephalon

Epithalamus
Thalamus
Subthalamus
Metathalamus
Hypothalamus

Functional Classification of Neurons

Afferent (sensory) neurons: convey information from tissues and organs into CNS
Efferent (motor) neurons: transmit signals from CNS to effector organs (muscles and glands)

Cranial Nerves

12 pairs of cranial nerves, numbered I to XII
Each nerve has sensory or motor fibers that innervate muscles or glands
Classified into three-letter system: G (General), S (Special), A (Afferent), E (Efferent), V (Visceral), S (Somatic)

Cranial Nerve Fibers

Afferent (Sensory): GSA (General Somatic Afferent), SSA (Special Somatic Afferent), GVA (General Visceral Afferent), SVA (Special Visceral Afferent)
Efferent (Motor): GSE (General Somatic Efferent), SSE (Special Somatic Efferent), GVE (General Visceral Efferent), SVE (Special Visceral Efferent)

12 Cranial Nerves

Olfactory (I) to smell
Optic (II) to vision
Oculomotor (III) to eye movement
Trochlear (IV) to superior oblique muscle
Trigeminal (V) to facial sensation
Abducent (VI) to lateral rectus muscle
Facial (VII) to facial muscles
Vestibulocochlear (VIII) to hearing and balance
Glossopharyngeal (IX) to taste and sensation of tongue and pharynx
Vagus (X) to larynx, heart, lungs, stomach, and small intestine
Accessory (XI) to sternomastoid and trapezius muscles
Hypoglossal (XII) to tongue muscles

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Description

This quiz covers the basics of the nervous system, including the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. Learn about the brain, spinal cord, and autonomic nervous system.